Edexcel A-Level Chemistry Organic Chem Reactions Exam (100% solved)
Acyl chloride to Ester - ✔✔✔-Alcohol (quicker reaction than carboxylic acid + alcohol)
Acyl chloride to N-subsitututed amide - ✔✔✔-Primary amine
Acyl chloride to primary amide - ✔✔✔-NH3 (in excess NH3, white smoke of NH4Cl formed from
NH3 + HCl)
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid to Ester - ✔✔✔-Heat with concentrated H2SO4 (reversible)
Alcohol to Alkene - ✔✔✔-Concentrated phosphoric (v) acid + warm
Alcohol to Bromoalkane - ✔✔✔-KBr, 50% conc H2SO4
Alcohol to Chloroalkane - ✔✔✔-PCl5
Alcohol to Iodoalkane - ✔✔✔-Red phosphorus and iodine
Aldehyde to Primary alcohol - ✔✔✔-LiAlH4 in dry ether
Alkane to Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Halogen and UV light (free radical substitution)
Alkene to Alcohol - ✔✔✔-Steam (water), phosphoric (v) acid catalyst (reversible)
Alkene to Alkane - ✔✔✔-Hydrogen gas, Nickel catalyst and 150°C (addition)
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Add bromine LIQUID and shake (electrophilic addition)
, Edexcel A-Level Chemistry Organic Chem Reactions Exam (100% solved)
Alkene to Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Hydrogen halide
Alkene to hydroxyhalogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Add bromine WATER and shake (electrophilic
addition: CH2(OH)CH2(Br)
Alkenes to diol - ✔✔✔-Shake in acidified potassium manganate solution: purple solution
decolourises (oxidation)
Amine + acyl chloride - ✔✔✔-Amide + HCl
Amine + dilute acid - ✔✔✔-R-NH3+Cl- salt
Amine + Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-R-(NH2+Cl-)-R
Amine + water - ✔✔✔-R-NH3+ + OH- (alkaline solution, reversible reaction)
Amine to N-Substituted amide - ✔✔✔-Add acyl chloride
Arene to Alkyl benzene - ✔✔✔-Reflux with chloroalkane and AlCl3 (Friedel-Crafts)
Arene to Phenylketone - ✔✔✔-Reflux with acyl chloride and AlCl3 (Friedel-Crafts)
Benzene to bromobenzene - ✔✔✔-Br2 + Fe --> FeBr3 catalyst formed in situ
Benzene to Nitrobenzene - ✔✔✔-Warm with concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4
Acyl chloride to Ester - ✔✔✔-Alcohol (quicker reaction than carboxylic acid + alcohol)
Acyl chloride to N-subsitututed amide - ✔✔✔-Primary amine
Acyl chloride to primary amide - ✔✔✔-NH3 (in excess NH3, white smoke of NH4Cl formed from
NH3 + HCl)
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid to Ester - ✔✔✔-Heat with concentrated H2SO4 (reversible)
Alcohol to Alkene - ✔✔✔-Concentrated phosphoric (v) acid + warm
Alcohol to Bromoalkane - ✔✔✔-KBr, 50% conc H2SO4
Alcohol to Chloroalkane - ✔✔✔-PCl5
Alcohol to Iodoalkane - ✔✔✔-Red phosphorus and iodine
Aldehyde to Primary alcohol - ✔✔✔-LiAlH4 in dry ether
Alkane to Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Halogen and UV light (free radical substitution)
Alkene to Alcohol - ✔✔✔-Steam (water), phosphoric (v) acid catalyst (reversible)
Alkene to Alkane - ✔✔✔-Hydrogen gas, Nickel catalyst and 150°C (addition)
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Add bromine LIQUID and shake (electrophilic addition)
, Edexcel A-Level Chemistry Organic Chem Reactions Exam (100% solved)
Alkene to Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Hydrogen halide
Alkene to hydroxyhalogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-Add bromine WATER and shake (electrophilic
addition: CH2(OH)CH2(Br)
Alkenes to diol - ✔✔✔-Shake in acidified potassium manganate solution: purple solution
decolourises (oxidation)
Amine + acyl chloride - ✔✔✔-Amide + HCl
Amine + dilute acid - ✔✔✔-R-NH3+Cl- salt
Amine + Halogenoalkane - ✔✔✔-R-(NH2+Cl-)-R
Amine + water - ✔✔✔-R-NH3+ + OH- (alkaline solution, reversible reaction)
Amine to N-Substituted amide - ✔✔✔-Add acyl chloride
Arene to Alkyl benzene - ✔✔✔-Reflux with chloroalkane and AlCl3 (Friedel-Crafts)
Arene to Phenylketone - ✔✔✔-Reflux with acyl chloride and AlCl3 (Friedel-Crafts)
Benzene to bromobenzene - ✔✔✔-Br2 + Fe --> FeBr3 catalyst formed in situ
Benzene to Nitrobenzene - ✔✔✔-Warm with concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4
