WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision Making Final
Exam Questions Verified Answers Rationales
Statistics and Data Analysis Study Guide A+
Frame the Problem, Solving the Problem and Communicating Results are part of which decision
making model? - answer-Davenport-Kim three-stage model
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition? - answer-Framing the
problem
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection? - answer-Solving the problem
What is a key reason we study statistics? - answer-To make informed decisions
Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-Kim model? - answer-
Communicating the results
When does research fail to produce reliable results? - answer-Poor research validity
What are the two major issues surrounding research standards? - answer-Best practices and
ethics
In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be: - answer-The appropriate size
and random
1
,Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias? - answer-Measurement
Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias? - answer-Measurement
Research best practices eliminate... - answer-Bias
Outliers create this type of error - answer-Out-of Range
Unpredictable error - answer-Random Error - No correlation
Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in) - answer-Omission Error -
Distorted results
This error repeats itself - answer-Systematic Error - Skewed results
Observation points that are distant from other observations. - answer-Outliers Note: Can be
included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample - answer-Measurement bias
Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected. -
answer-Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
Consistent and repeatable data - answer-Reliable
2
, Resulting from accurate measurements - answer-Valid data
If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias? - answer-Information
Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to the very top or the very
bottom of the column - answer-Omission or Out-of-Range
An error that will fix itself over time - answer-Random
An error that will not fix itself. You must do something - answer-Systematic
Cleaning and organizing data - answer-Data Management
Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? Personality type, social class, or
communication style - answer-Qualitative
A study used when you a conditions can't be controlled - answer-Observational study
Observes people going forward in time from the time of their entry into the study. - answer-
Cohort Study
What are the three elements of an experimental study? - answer-Unit, Treatment, Response
Accurately measures what it is intended to measure - answer-Valid data
3
Exam Questions Verified Answers Rationales
Statistics and Data Analysis Study Guide A+
Frame the Problem, Solving the Problem and Communicating Results are part of which decision
making model? - answer-Davenport-Kim three-stage model
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem recognition? - answer-Framing the
problem
In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection? - answer-Solving the problem
What is a key reason we study statistics? - answer-To make informed decisions
Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the Davenport-Kim model? - answer-
Communicating the results
When does research fail to produce reliable results? - answer-Poor research validity
What are the two major issues surrounding research standards? - answer-Best practices and
ethics
In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be: - answer-The appropriate size
and random
1
,Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias? - answer-Measurement
Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias? - answer-Measurement
Research best practices eliminate... - answer-Bias
Outliers create this type of error - answer-Out-of Range
Unpredictable error - answer-Random Error - No correlation
Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in) - answer-Omission Error -
Distorted results
This error repeats itself - answer-Systematic Error - Skewed results
Observation points that are distant from other observations. - answer-Outliers Note: Can be
included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample - answer-Measurement bias
Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected. -
answer-Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
Consistent and repeatable data - answer-Reliable
2
, Resulting from accurate measurements - answer-Valid data
If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias? - answer-Information
Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them to the very top or the very
bottom of the column - answer-Omission or Out-of-Range
An error that will fix itself over time - answer-Random
An error that will not fix itself. You must do something - answer-Systematic
Cleaning and organizing data - answer-Data Management
Are the following variable quantitative or qualitative? Personality type, social class, or
communication style - answer-Qualitative
A study used when you a conditions can't be controlled - answer-Observational study
Observes people going forward in time from the time of their entry into the study. - answer-
Cohort Study
What are the three elements of an experimental study? - answer-Unit, Treatment, Response
Accurately measures what it is intended to measure - answer-Valid data
3
