Envsocty 1hb3 Exam Study Guide
Questions with All Accurate Solutions
2026 Update.
space - Answer - areal extent of something
- absolute
- relative
absolute space - Answer - objective, physically and real, measurable extent and definable
boundaries
- map-making, description and analysis of spatial distribution
relative space - Answer - subjective, variable over time
- ex. first time on campus is different from now
- relative positioning and importance
- topological maps are estimates
location - Answer - refers to a particular position in space;
- absolute (mathematical); latitude and longitude
- relative (perceived); subject to change and interpretation
- nominal (toponym); place name given to a location of significance
place - Answer - location + cultural meaning
- acquired meaning
sense of place - Answer feeling evoked by specific locations such as your home that result
from the experiences individuals associate with the location
sacred place - Answer location with particular significance to an individual, usually religious
reasons
regions - Answer part of the earth's surface that displays internal homogeneity and is
relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria a contiguous spatial unit
- ex. arts quad
,landscapes - Answer - characteristics of a particular area or location comprising a
combination of natural and human influences
cultural landscapes - Answer - characteristics of a particular area or location resulting from
human modification of the natural environment
distance - Answer - measure of amount of space between locations
-travel
-economic, measured in dollars
-psychological, journey feels longer when alone at night
spatial distribution - Answer - spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena within an area
density - Answer - measure of the relationship betwen the number of geographic
phenomena and a unit of area
concentration - Answer - spread of geographic phenomena over a given area
clustered - Answer - distance between things is small,
dispersed - Answer - distance between things is large
pattern - Answer - geometric, regular or other arrangement of things in a given area
- linear, rectilinear, random etc.
diffusion - Answer - process of geographic phenomena spreading over space and through
time
--depends on distance separating points, the density of the geographic phenomena, and the
friction of distance
cultural diffusion - Answer process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through
time such as religion, language, trends, music styles etc
relocation diffusion - Answer geographic phenomena are physically moved from one area to
another (immigration, trade)
,expansion diffusion - Answer geographic phenomena spread from one area to another
through an additive process
- contagious diffusion; phenomena spread rapidly and through an area such as gossip, disease
- hierarchical diffusion; phenomena spread first to key people or places then throughout the
rest of the population or an area
spatial interaction - Answer - nature and extent of the relationship or linkages between
locations; the extent of spatial interactions is related to the distances between locations and the
physical and intangible connections between them
distance decay - Answer effects of distance on spatial interaction; generally, intensity of
interaction diminishes with increasing distance
- friends, stores, eating at a specific restaurant
friction of distance - Answer A measure of the restraining effect of distance on human
interaction and movement; generally greater time and cost are incurred with increasing
distance
- overcoming distance includes new transportation and communication technology
accessibility - Answer variable quality of a location, expressing the opportunity for
interaction with other locations
Connectivity - Answer direct and indirect linkages between locations
tangible connection - Answer visible, highways, hydroelectric power lines
intangible connections - Answer cannot see, connections between homeland and local of an
immigrant
map - Answer socially constructed, reflect the power of the people that draw them
projection - Answer process to transform the spherical earth's surface onto a two-
dimensional map; process to transfer locations from the earth's surface onto a flat map
main forms of distortion - Answer distance, direction, area
Azimuthal Projection - Answer earths surface is projected onto a flat surface that touches
the globe at one point, usually the poles
, cylindrical projection - Answer - surface is projected onto a cylinder that just touches the
outside edges of the globe at the equator
- Mercator
conic projection - Answer - surface projected onto a cone that touches the outside degrees
of the globe in the mid-latitudes
- Lambert conformal projection
Mollweide Projection - Answer An equal-area map projection that is an ellipse.
Robinson Projection - Answer Projection that attempts to balance several possible projection
errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it
minimizes errors in each.
Goode projection - Answer earth is peeled like an orange and layed out
latitude - Answer the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator,
usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
Longitude - Answer Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
time zones - Answer 24 hours= 360 degrees of longitude
- 15 degrees of longitude= 1 hour
- = 15
types of maps - Answer reference and thematic
Reference Maps - Answer Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic
features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude
thematic map - Answer analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a
particular theme or attribute
dot map - Answer Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such
as a population.
Questions with All Accurate Solutions
2026 Update.
space - Answer - areal extent of something
- absolute
- relative
absolute space - Answer - objective, physically and real, measurable extent and definable
boundaries
- map-making, description and analysis of spatial distribution
relative space - Answer - subjective, variable over time
- ex. first time on campus is different from now
- relative positioning and importance
- topological maps are estimates
location - Answer - refers to a particular position in space;
- absolute (mathematical); latitude and longitude
- relative (perceived); subject to change and interpretation
- nominal (toponym); place name given to a location of significance
place - Answer - location + cultural meaning
- acquired meaning
sense of place - Answer feeling evoked by specific locations such as your home that result
from the experiences individuals associate with the location
sacred place - Answer location with particular significance to an individual, usually religious
reasons
regions - Answer part of the earth's surface that displays internal homogeneity and is
relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria a contiguous spatial unit
- ex. arts quad
,landscapes - Answer - characteristics of a particular area or location comprising a
combination of natural and human influences
cultural landscapes - Answer - characteristics of a particular area or location resulting from
human modification of the natural environment
distance - Answer - measure of amount of space between locations
-travel
-economic, measured in dollars
-psychological, journey feels longer when alone at night
spatial distribution - Answer - spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena within an area
density - Answer - measure of the relationship betwen the number of geographic
phenomena and a unit of area
concentration - Answer - spread of geographic phenomena over a given area
clustered - Answer - distance between things is small,
dispersed - Answer - distance between things is large
pattern - Answer - geometric, regular or other arrangement of things in a given area
- linear, rectilinear, random etc.
diffusion - Answer - process of geographic phenomena spreading over space and through
time
--depends on distance separating points, the density of the geographic phenomena, and the
friction of distance
cultural diffusion - Answer process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through
time such as religion, language, trends, music styles etc
relocation diffusion - Answer geographic phenomena are physically moved from one area to
another (immigration, trade)
,expansion diffusion - Answer geographic phenomena spread from one area to another
through an additive process
- contagious diffusion; phenomena spread rapidly and through an area such as gossip, disease
- hierarchical diffusion; phenomena spread first to key people or places then throughout the
rest of the population or an area
spatial interaction - Answer - nature and extent of the relationship or linkages between
locations; the extent of spatial interactions is related to the distances between locations and the
physical and intangible connections between them
distance decay - Answer effects of distance on spatial interaction; generally, intensity of
interaction diminishes with increasing distance
- friends, stores, eating at a specific restaurant
friction of distance - Answer A measure of the restraining effect of distance on human
interaction and movement; generally greater time and cost are incurred with increasing
distance
- overcoming distance includes new transportation and communication technology
accessibility - Answer variable quality of a location, expressing the opportunity for
interaction with other locations
Connectivity - Answer direct and indirect linkages between locations
tangible connection - Answer visible, highways, hydroelectric power lines
intangible connections - Answer cannot see, connections between homeland and local of an
immigrant
map - Answer socially constructed, reflect the power of the people that draw them
projection - Answer process to transform the spherical earth's surface onto a two-
dimensional map; process to transfer locations from the earth's surface onto a flat map
main forms of distortion - Answer distance, direction, area
Azimuthal Projection - Answer earths surface is projected onto a flat surface that touches
the globe at one point, usually the poles
, cylindrical projection - Answer - surface is projected onto a cylinder that just touches the
outside edges of the globe at the equator
- Mercator
conic projection - Answer - surface projected onto a cone that touches the outside degrees
of the globe in the mid-latitudes
- Lambert conformal projection
Mollweide Projection - Answer An equal-area map projection that is an ellipse.
Robinson Projection - Answer Projection that attempts to balance several possible projection
errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it
minimizes errors in each.
Goode projection - Answer earth is peeled like an orange and layed out
latitude - Answer the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator,
usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
Longitude - Answer Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
time zones - Answer 24 hours= 360 degrees of longitude
- 15 degrees of longitude= 1 hour
- = 15
types of maps - Answer reference and thematic
Reference Maps - Answer Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic
features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude
thematic map - Answer analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a
particular theme or attribute
dot map - Answer Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such
as a population.
