NURS 431 Exam 1 | Actual Questions and verified
Answers | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Chlamydia Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual transmission
-vertical transmission between mom and baby during pregnancy
Chlamydia Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -none (in 75% of women)
-occurs 1-3 wks after exposure
-abnormal discharge
-nausea
-fever
-spotting/bleeding
-dysuria/dyspareunia
-PID (causes 50% of cases)
-ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia is what type of infection? - ANSWER- bacterial
Chlamydia Treatment - ANSWER- -abx doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days
-TOC to make sure infection is gone
Chlamydia Diagnosis - ANSWER- -vaginal swab and culture
-urine test
Chlamydia Untreated - ANSWER- -PID -> infertility, ectopic pregnancy (medical emergency),
chronic pelvic pain due to scar tissue
-cystitis: bladder inflammation
-HIV/AIDS -> 5x more likely to contract from infected person
Neonatal Exposure to Chlamydia - ANSWER- premature delivery
neonatal conjunctivitis -appears in first 10 days of life
,-if left untreated, can cause blindness
-treated w/ oral abx and erythromycin ointment
neonatal pneumonia
-s/s: congestion, tachypnea, worsening cough 2-12 weeks after birth
Gonorrhea Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual contact (infected fluids)
-vertical transmission from mom to baby
-caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-drug resistant strains increased in the U.S.
Gonorrhea Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -none (1/3 of cases)
-discharge that's yellow/green; sometimes bloody
-intermenstrual bleeding
-irregular/heavy menses
-dyspareunia, dysuria
-erythema (red skin), pruritus
-rectal itching
Gonorrhea is what type of infection? - ANSWER- bacterial
Gonorrhea Treatment - ANSWER- -Ceftiaxone (Rocephin) 500 mg IM (1 dose)
-1g if patient >/ 150kg
-alternative available if pt is allergic
-TOC
-must treat all partners
-drug resistant strains causing concern (PRNG)
Gonorrhea Diagnosis - ANSWER- -vaginal culture
-urine test
-providers must report all cases to local health department
,Gonorrhea Untreated - ANSWER- -increased risk of HIV
-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-systemic infection to other parts of body (sepsis and spread to blood, joints, or heart)
Neonatal Exposure to Gonorrhea - ANSWER- -risk for miscarriage, PTL, PROM,
chorioamnionitis
-IUGR, blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infection possible for baby
-eye prophylaxis -> treat baby's eyes w/ abx erythromycin within a few hours of delivery and
oral abx if infection is known
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - ANSWER- infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and
other organs
-results from ascending spread of organisms from STI
PID Increased Risk - ANSWER- -hx of STI
-hx of untreated STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia especially)
-multiple sex partners
PID Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -chronic pelvic pain
-abdominal pain
-ectopic pregnancy
-infertility
-irregular bleeding
-fever (late), nausea, chills
PID Diagnosis - ANSWER- -can be based on known infection, history, and risk factors
-laparoscopy or laparotomy for diagnosis
PID Treatment - ANSWER- -Ceftriaxon 1g IV Q24H WITH doxycycline 100mg orally or IV Q12H
WITH metronidazole 500mg orally or IV Q12H
-often start w/ IV doses (inpatient) and then discharge on oral abx
-educate to decrease recurrence
, Syphilis Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral contact with
body fluids or lesion)
-vertical transmission in pregnancy to the fetus (transplacentally)
Primary Syphilis - ANSWER- -single chancre appears on genitals and lips 5-90 days after
infection
Secondary Syphilis - ANSWER- -widespread maculopapular rash on palms and soles of feet
occurs 6 weeks to 6 months after chancre
-fever, rash, HA, malaise, lymphadenopathy
-sores on palms and soles
-patchy alopecia
Latent Syphilis - ANSWER- -usually 2 years after transmission -> asymptomatic but
serologically positive
-early latent is infectious and lesions may reoccur
-late latent is not infectious except for fetus of pregnant woman
Tertiary Syphilis - ANSWER- -develops in 1/3 cases
-if untreated -> neurologic, musculoskeletal, and multi-organ systemic failure and death
What type of infection is syphilis? - ANSWER- bacterial
Syphilis Diagnosis - ANSWER- -blood tests
-VDRL and RPR -> if positive, do FTA-ABS to confirm
-VDRL and RPR can be false-positive (infection, auto-immune disease, pregnancy)
-serology can be negative in early stages
Syphilis Treatment - ANSWER- -penicillin G 2.4 million units (single dose IM)
-if long duration, may give 1 dose per week for 3 weeks
-re-screen serologically after initial treatment (TOC)
-educate to prevent recurrence -> safe sex, condom use, routine testing, treatment
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -all sexual contact; open sores
-asymptomatic patients often spread disease
Answers | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Chlamydia Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual transmission
-vertical transmission between mom and baby during pregnancy
Chlamydia Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -none (in 75% of women)
-occurs 1-3 wks after exposure
-abnormal discharge
-nausea
-fever
-spotting/bleeding
-dysuria/dyspareunia
-PID (causes 50% of cases)
-ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia is what type of infection? - ANSWER- bacterial
Chlamydia Treatment - ANSWER- -abx doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days
-TOC to make sure infection is gone
Chlamydia Diagnosis - ANSWER- -vaginal swab and culture
-urine test
Chlamydia Untreated - ANSWER- -PID -> infertility, ectopic pregnancy (medical emergency),
chronic pelvic pain due to scar tissue
-cystitis: bladder inflammation
-HIV/AIDS -> 5x more likely to contract from infected person
Neonatal Exposure to Chlamydia - ANSWER- premature delivery
neonatal conjunctivitis -appears in first 10 days of life
,-if left untreated, can cause blindness
-treated w/ oral abx and erythromycin ointment
neonatal pneumonia
-s/s: congestion, tachypnea, worsening cough 2-12 weeks after birth
Gonorrhea Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual contact (infected fluids)
-vertical transmission from mom to baby
-caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-drug resistant strains increased in the U.S.
Gonorrhea Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -none (1/3 of cases)
-discharge that's yellow/green; sometimes bloody
-intermenstrual bleeding
-irregular/heavy menses
-dyspareunia, dysuria
-erythema (red skin), pruritus
-rectal itching
Gonorrhea is what type of infection? - ANSWER- bacterial
Gonorrhea Treatment - ANSWER- -Ceftiaxone (Rocephin) 500 mg IM (1 dose)
-1g if patient >/ 150kg
-alternative available if pt is allergic
-TOC
-must treat all partners
-drug resistant strains causing concern (PRNG)
Gonorrhea Diagnosis - ANSWER- -vaginal culture
-urine test
-providers must report all cases to local health department
,Gonorrhea Untreated - ANSWER- -increased risk of HIV
-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-systemic infection to other parts of body (sepsis and spread to blood, joints, or heart)
Neonatal Exposure to Gonorrhea - ANSWER- -risk for miscarriage, PTL, PROM,
chorioamnionitis
-IUGR, blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infection possible for baby
-eye prophylaxis -> treat baby's eyes w/ abx erythromycin within a few hours of delivery and
oral abx if infection is known
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - ANSWER- infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and
other organs
-results from ascending spread of organisms from STI
PID Increased Risk - ANSWER- -hx of STI
-hx of untreated STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia especially)
-multiple sex partners
PID Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER- -chronic pelvic pain
-abdominal pain
-ectopic pregnancy
-infertility
-irregular bleeding
-fever (late), nausea, chills
PID Diagnosis - ANSWER- -can be based on known infection, history, and risk factors
-laparoscopy or laparotomy for diagnosis
PID Treatment - ANSWER- -Ceftriaxon 1g IV Q24H WITH doxycycline 100mg orally or IV Q12H
WITH metronidazole 500mg orally or IV Q12H
-often start w/ IV doses (inpatient) and then discharge on oral abx
-educate to decrease recurrence
, Syphilis Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral contact with
body fluids or lesion)
-vertical transmission in pregnancy to the fetus (transplacentally)
Primary Syphilis - ANSWER- -single chancre appears on genitals and lips 5-90 days after
infection
Secondary Syphilis - ANSWER- -widespread maculopapular rash on palms and soles of feet
occurs 6 weeks to 6 months after chancre
-fever, rash, HA, malaise, lymphadenopathy
-sores on palms and soles
-patchy alopecia
Latent Syphilis - ANSWER- -usually 2 years after transmission -> asymptomatic but
serologically positive
-early latent is infectious and lesions may reoccur
-late latent is not infectious except for fetus of pregnant woman
Tertiary Syphilis - ANSWER- -develops in 1/3 cases
-if untreated -> neurologic, musculoskeletal, and multi-organ systemic failure and death
What type of infection is syphilis? - ANSWER- bacterial
Syphilis Diagnosis - ANSWER- -blood tests
-VDRL and RPR -> if positive, do FTA-ABS to confirm
-VDRL and RPR can be false-positive (infection, auto-immune disease, pregnancy)
-serology can be negative in early stages
Syphilis Treatment - ANSWER- -penicillin G 2.4 million units (single dose IM)
-if long duration, may give 1 dose per week for 3 weeks
-re-screen serologically after initial treatment (TOC)
-educate to prevent recurrence -> safe sex, condom use, routine testing, treatment
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Mode of Transmission - ANSWER- -all sexual contact; open sores
-asymptomatic patients often spread disease
