NSE 211 FINAL EXAM REVIEW | 216 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | RATED 100% CORRECT.
wound Answer - break in the continuity of body structure, caused by violence,
trauma, or surgery to tissue bodies
ex; of acute wounds Answer - surgical incisions, traumatic wounds, lacerations,
burns
ex; of chronic wounds Answer - PI, diabetic ulcers, malignant
acute wound Answer - wound that proceeds through an orderly & timely
reparative process --> sustained restoration of anatomical & functional integrity
phases of wound healing Answer - 1) inflammatory phase
2) proliferative phase
3) remodelling phase
what's a part of the proliferative phase? Answer - proliferation, granulation &
contraction
what happens during inflammatory phase? Answer - 1) hemostasis.
(vasoconstriction)
2) platelets + fibrin forms, clot formation
3) histamina, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, erythema, swelling
& warmth
,what happens day 1-3 inflammatory phase? Answer - neutrophils released to
injury site, phagocytosis of debris beings.
what happens during day 3-24 of proliferative phase? Answer - 1) granulation
tissue appears in wound
2) contraction of wound edges
3) resurfacing by epithelialization --> dermal regen.
4) vascular bed reestablished
what happens during day 24-2 yrs of remodelling phase? Answer - 1) collagen
fibers reorganize & remodel
2) permanent scar
3) attains 80% of original strength
Primary intention healing Answer - wound that is closed by suture or wound
closers & healing occurs by collagen synthesis; lower risk of infection, and heals
quickly w/ minimal scarring.
secondary intention healing Answer - wound edges are not approximated.
heals by granulation tissue formation, wound contraction & epithelialization.
has a prolonged phase of inflammation due to increased time needed for
phagocytosis of necrotic tissue.
tertiary intention healing Answer - wound is left open for several days as it
could be contaminated. has an increased risk of infection, so closure of wound
is done later until risk of infection is resolved.
,why is the wound kept open for tertiary healing? Answer - to allow exudate to
drain, prevent the spread of deep infection & aiding granulation.
medical asepsis Answer - aka, *clean technique*.
includes procedures used to reduce & prevent the spread of microorganisms
ex; of medical asepsis Answer - hand washing, clean gloves, cleaning
environment routinely.
ex; of surgical asepsis Answer - aka *surgical technique*.
requires more stringent techniques, *eliminating all microorganisms*.
when do you use surgical asepsis? Answer - when a patient's kin is broken, or if
the nurse performs an invasive procedure in a body cavity that is normally free
of microorganisms.
ex; of surgical asepsis procedures Answer - - protective clothing
- opening sterile packages
- sterile field
- pouring sterile solns
- surgical hand scrub
- gowning & gloving
Principles of Surgical Asepsis Answer - - *a sterile object remains sterile only
when touched by another sterile object*
- a sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a
person's waist is contaminated
, - a sterile objective or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to
air.
complications of wound healing Answer - hemorrhage, infection, dehiscence,
evisceration, fistula formation
hemorrhage nsg dx d/t Answer - slipped suture, dislodged clot, infection, or
eroded blood vessel
hemorrhage nsg dx manifested by Answer - - external-saturated sanguinous
dressings
- internal-distension of body part
- change in drain output
- signs of hypovolemic shock
infection nsg dx d/t Answer - - exposure to bacteria, contaminated or trauma
wound shows S&S, surgical post-op infection.
infection nsg dx manifested by Answer - fever, tenderness, pain @ wound site,
erythema, edema, induration, warmth, elevated WBC, inflamed edges, foul
odor, purulent drainage, delayed healing
life threatening infection S&S Answer - - pain
- swelling, induration
- erythema
- wound breakdown
- increased size
- undermining or tunneling
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | RATED 100% CORRECT.
wound Answer - break in the continuity of body structure, caused by violence,
trauma, or surgery to tissue bodies
ex; of acute wounds Answer - surgical incisions, traumatic wounds, lacerations,
burns
ex; of chronic wounds Answer - PI, diabetic ulcers, malignant
acute wound Answer - wound that proceeds through an orderly & timely
reparative process --> sustained restoration of anatomical & functional integrity
phases of wound healing Answer - 1) inflammatory phase
2) proliferative phase
3) remodelling phase
what's a part of the proliferative phase? Answer - proliferation, granulation &
contraction
what happens during inflammatory phase? Answer - 1) hemostasis.
(vasoconstriction)
2) platelets + fibrin forms, clot formation
3) histamina, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, erythema, swelling
& warmth
,what happens day 1-3 inflammatory phase? Answer - neutrophils released to
injury site, phagocytosis of debris beings.
what happens during day 3-24 of proliferative phase? Answer - 1) granulation
tissue appears in wound
2) contraction of wound edges
3) resurfacing by epithelialization --> dermal regen.
4) vascular bed reestablished
what happens during day 24-2 yrs of remodelling phase? Answer - 1) collagen
fibers reorganize & remodel
2) permanent scar
3) attains 80% of original strength
Primary intention healing Answer - wound that is closed by suture or wound
closers & healing occurs by collagen synthesis; lower risk of infection, and heals
quickly w/ minimal scarring.
secondary intention healing Answer - wound edges are not approximated.
heals by granulation tissue formation, wound contraction & epithelialization.
has a prolonged phase of inflammation due to increased time needed for
phagocytosis of necrotic tissue.
tertiary intention healing Answer - wound is left open for several days as it
could be contaminated. has an increased risk of infection, so closure of wound
is done later until risk of infection is resolved.
,why is the wound kept open for tertiary healing? Answer - to allow exudate to
drain, prevent the spread of deep infection & aiding granulation.
medical asepsis Answer - aka, *clean technique*.
includes procedures used to reduce & prevent the spread of microorganisms
ex; of medical asepsis Answer - hand washing, clean gloves, cleaning
environment routinely.
ex; of surgical asepsis Answer - aka *surgical technique*.
requires more stringent techniques, *eliminating all microorganisms*.
when do you use surgical asepsis? Answer - when a patient's kin is broken, or if
the nurse performs an invasive procedure in a body cavity that is normally free
of microorganisms.
ex; of surgical asepsis procedures Answer - - protective clothing
- opening sterile packages
- sterile field
- pouring sterile solns
- surgical hand scrub
- gowning & gloving
Principles of Surgical Asepsis Answer - - *a sterile object remains sterile only
when touched by another sterile object*
- a sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a
person's waist is contaminated
, - a sterile objective or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to
air.
complications of wound healing Answer - hemorrhage, infection, dehiscence,
evisceration, fistula formation
hemorrhage nsg dx d/t Answer - slipped suture, dislodged clot, infection, or
eroded blood vessel
hemorrhage nsg dx manifested by Answer - - external-saturated sanguinous
dressings
- internal-distension of body part
- change in drain output
- signs of hypovolemic shock
infection nsg dx d/t Answer - - exposure to bacteria, contaminated or trauma
wound shows S&S, surgical post-op infection.
infection nsg dx manifested by Answer - fever, tenderness, pain @ wound site,
erythema, edema, induration, warmth, elevated WBC, inflamed edges, foul
odor, purulent drainage, delayed healing
life threatening infection S&S Answer - - pain
- swelling, induration
- erythema
- wound breakdown
- increased size
- undermining or tunneling
