Microbiology Exam
Microbiology - ANSWER the science that studies living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked
eye.
Pathogen - ANSWER a disease-producing microorganism
Aerobic microbes - ANSWER microbes that can only live in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic microbes - ANSWER Microbes that grow best in the absence of oxygen
Antiseptics - ANSWER Solutions that are applied directly to the skin and prevent or slow the growth of
pathogens.
Disinfection - ANSWER A process that uses strong chemicals such as bleach solution and zephirin to kill
pathogens. These chemicals are used mainly on objects and not on the skin.
Sterilization - ANSWER A process used to kill microbes and their spores.
Bacteria - ANSWER single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking
chlorophyll that reproduce by fission
Fungi - ANSWER plant like organism that lives on dead matter
Protozoa - ANSWER tiny animals that are found in contaminated water supplies and in decayed materials
Rickettsiae - ANSWER parasites that must live inside the cells of other living organisms. They are
transmitted by the animal the parasites inhabits, such as fleas, lice, and ticks.
,Viruses - ANSWER the smallest of all the microorganisms. They can grow and reproduce only inside other
living cells, and are difficult to destroy
non-pathogen - ANSWER microbes that benefit humans and the environment
Cocci - ANSWER round in shape
bacilli - ANSWER rod shaped
spririlla - ANSWER corkscrew or spiral shaped
diplococci - ANSWER cocci occur in pairs or two circles
streptococci - ANSWER cocci occur in chains
staphylococci - ANSWER cocci occur in clusters or groups
flagella - ANSWER threadlike projections similar to a tail that allow the organism to move
spores - ANSWER thick walled capsules, occurs when conditions are poor,
antibiotic resistant - ANSWER bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics
antifungal medications - ANSWER used to treat fungal infections, can cause liver disease
,antibiotics - ANSWER used to kill bacteria, ineffective against viruses
Hepatitis B - ANSWER Virus that is transmitted through blood and body fluids that causes serious liver
disease, there is a vaccine available and employers must provide the vaccine to employees
Hepatitis C - ANSWER Virus that causes liver disease that is spread through blood and body fluids, there
is no immunization for this virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER this virus suppresses the immune system,
individuals can not fight off many cancers and infections that would not affect a health person. There is
no immunization.
helminths - ANSWER multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
Hookworms - ANSWER attach to the small intestine and can infect the heart and lungs
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) - ANSWER contracted by eating inadequately cooked pork
Microbiology - ANSWER study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
Microorganisms include... - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), algae
Origins of microorganisms - ANSWER bacteria-like organisms have existed for 3.5 billion years, there are
prokaryotes (pre-nucleus, simple cells) and eukaryotes (true nucleus, complex cells)
Microbial structure - ANSWER two cell lines are prokaryotes (microscopic unicellular organisms without
nuclei and membrane bound organelles) and eukaryotes (microscopic multicellular with nucleus and
membrane bound organelles). the other is viruses (acellular, parasitic particles with a nucleic acid and
protein)
, Bacteria - ANSWER
Fungi - ANSWER
Algae - ANSWER
Virus - ANSWER
Protozoa - ANSWER
Helminths - ANSWER
Microbes in energy and nutrient flow - ANSWER the flow of energy though the earth ecosystems
Photosynthesis (microbes in energy and nutrient flow) - ANSWER light fueled conversion of carbon
dioxide to organic material
Decomposition (microbes in energy and nutrient flow) - ANSWER breakdown of the dead matter and
wastes into simple compounds
Biotechnology - ANSWER in human use of microorganisms, this is production of foods, drugs, and
vaccines using living organisms
Genetic engineering - ANSWER in human use of microorganisms, manipulating the genes of organisms to
make new products
Microbiology - ANSWER the science that studies living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked
eye.
Pathogen - ANSWER a disease-producing microorganism
Aerobic microbes - ANSWER microbes that can only live in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic microbes - ANSWER Microbes that grow best in the absence of oxygen
Antiseptics - ANSWER Solutions that are applied directly to the skin and prevent or slow the growth of
pathogens.
Disinfection - ANSWER A process that uses strong chemicals such as bleach solution and zephirin to kill
pathogens. These chemicals are used mainly on objects and not on the skin.
Sterilization - ANSWER A process used to kill microbes and their spores.
Bacteria - ANSWER single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking
chlorophyll that reproduce by fission
Fungi - ANSWER plant like organism that lives on dead matter
Protozoa - ANSWER tiny animals that are found in contaminated water supplies and in decayed materials
Rickettsiae - ANSWER parasites that must live inside the cells of other living organisms. They are
transmitted by the animal the parasites inhabits, such as fleas, lice, and ticks.
,Viruses - ANSWER the smallest of all the microorganisms. They can grow and reproduce only inside other
living cells, and are difficult to destroy
non-pathogen - ANSWER microbes that benefit humans and the environment
Cocci - ANSWER round in shape
bacilli - ANSWER rod shaped
spririlla - ANSWER corkscrew or spiral shaped
diplococci - ANSWER cocci occur in pairs or two circles
streptococci - ANSWER cocci occur in chains
staphylococci - ANSWER cocci occur in clusters or groups
flagella - ANSWER threadlike projections similar to a tail that allow the organism to move
spores - ANSWER thick walled capsules, occurs when conditions are poor,
antibiotic resistant - ANSWER bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics
antifungal medications - ANSWER used to treat fungal infections, can cause liver disease
,antibiotics - ANSWER used to kill bacteria, ineffective against viruses
Hepatitis B - ANSWER Virus that is transmitted through blood and body fluids that causes serious liver
disease, there is a vaccine available and employers must provide the vaccine to employees
Hepatitis C - ANSWER Virus that causes liver disease that is spread through blood and body fluids, there
is no immunization for this virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER this virus suppresses the immune system,
individuals can not fight off many cancers and infections that would not affect a health person. There is
no immunization.
helminths - ANSWER multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
Hookworms - ANSWER attach to the small intestine and can infect the heart and lungs
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) - ANSWER contracted by eating inadequately cooked pork
Microbiology - ANSWER study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
Microorganisms include... - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), algae
Origins of microorganisms - ANSWER bacteria-like organisms have existed for 3.5 billion years, there are
prokaryotes (pre-nucleus, simple cells) and eukaryotes (true nucleus, complex cells)
Microbial structure - ANSWER two cell lines are prokaryotes (microscopic unicellular organisms without
nuclei and membrane bound organelles) and eukaryotes (microscopic multicellular with nucleus and
membrane bound organelles). the other is viruses (acellular, parasitic particles with a nucleic acid and
protein)
, Bacteria - ANSWER
Fungi - ANSWER
Algae - ANSWER
Virus - ANSWER
Protozoa - ANSWER
Helminths - ANSWER
Microbes in energy and nutrient flow - ANSWER the flow of energy though the earth ecosystems
Photosynthesis (microbes in energy and nutrient flow) - ANSWER light fueled conversion of carbon
dioxide to organic material
Decomposition (microbes in energy and nutrient flow) - ANSWER breakdown of the dead matter and
wastes into simple compounds
Biotechnology - ANSWER in human use of microorganisms, this is production of foods, drugs, and
vaccines using living organisms
Genetic engineering - ANSWER in human use of microorganisms, manipulating the genes of organisms to
make new products
