NSG 3100 - Exam #3 | Questions and verified Answers
complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates |
100% correct
What is enuresis? - ANSWER- Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when normal
bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? - ANSWER- Child who has established proper bladder control for
a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) - ANSWER- 1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? - ANSWER- Toxicity from
medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? - ANSWER- Bladder (urgency &
frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? - ANSWER- Enlarged prostate
gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? - ANSWER- Weakened
muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter after menopause (results from
decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent urination? (5) -
ANSWER- 1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
,Urinary habits depend on what? (3) - ANSWER- 1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
Which factors affect urination? (7) - ANSWER- 1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) - ANSWER- 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? - ANSWER- 1. Meds affecting ANS cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water & electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? - ANSWER- Muscle tone is needed to maintain the
stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder can fill & empty completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? - ANSWER- Stress: loss of urine
control during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing,
or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? - ANSWER- Inability to empty bladder completely, resulting in
a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? - ANSWER- Inhibits the production of ADH
, What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,400-1,500 mL
What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,200-1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) - ANSWER- 2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? - ANSWER- The amount of fluid lost on a daily basis from the
lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces; the exact amount cannot be
measured
What is obligatory water loss? - ANSWER- Fluid loss that is required to maintain normal body
function; necessary for temp regulation and elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? - ANSWER- Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? - ANSWER- 6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) - ANSWER- 1. Blood
osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH
3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? - ANSWER- 1. Blood osmolality
decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity - ANSWER- 1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a guaiac positive
result. - ANSWER- False, should be blue
complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates |
100% correct
What is enuresis? - ANSWER- Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when normal
bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? - ANSWER- Child who has established proper bladder control for
a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) - ANSWER- 1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? - ANSWER- Toxicity from
medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? - ANSWER- Bladder (urgency &
frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? - ANSWER- Enlarged prostate
gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? - ANSWER- Weakened
muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter after menopause (results from
decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent urination? (5) -
ANSWER- 1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
,Urinary habits depend on what? (3) - ANSWER- 1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
Which factors affect urination? (7) - ANSWER- 1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) - ANSWER- 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? - ANSWER- 1. Meds affecting ANS cause retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water & electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? - ANSWER- Muscle tone is needed to maintain the
stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder can fill & empty completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? - ANSWER- Stress: loss of urine
control during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing,
or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? - ANSWER- Inability to empty bladder completely, resulting in
a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? - ANSWER- Inhibits the production of ADH
, What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,400-1,500 mL
What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,200-1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) - ANSWER- 2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? - ANSWER- The amount of fluid lost on a daily basis from the
lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces; the exact amount cannot be
measured
What is obligatory water loss? - ANSWER- Fluid loss that is required to maintain normal body
function; necessary for temp regulation and elimination of waste products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) - ANSWER- 1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? - ANSWER- Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? - ANSWER- 6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) - ANSWER- 1. Blood
osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH
3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? - ANSWER- 1. Blood osmolality
decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity - ANSWER- 1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a guaiac positive
result. - ANSWER- False, should be blue
