NSG3100 Exam 4 Practice Questions | Study Questions
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Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
A. The younger adult client with immobility
B. The older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
C. The younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid
D. The older adult client with cognitive impairment - ANSWER- D
What are the fluid compartment consequences of isotonic dehydration?
A. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume contracts
B. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume remains the same
C. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume contracts
D. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume remains the same - ANSWER- B
What are the fluid compartment consequences of hypertonic dehydration?
A. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume contracts
B. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume remains the same
C. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume contracts
D. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume remains the same - ANSWER- C
The client has been diagnosed with hypotonic dehydration. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Flattened hand veins when the hand is positioned above the heart
B. Increased urine output, decreased urine specific gravity
C. Nonpitting dependent edema
D. Poor handgrip strength - ANSWER- D
,Which is the most important question the nurse should ask the client who has been diagnosed
with isotonic dehydration to identify a possible cause of the fluid imbalance?
A. "Do you take diuretics or 'water pills'?"
B. "What and how much do you normally eat over a day's time?"
C. "How many bowel movements do you usually have each day?"
D. "Have you or any member of your family been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?" - ANSWER-
A
Which choice of mouth care product or technique is best for the nurse to use every 2 hours
when providing mouth care for the client with dehydration who has a dry, sticky mouth?
A. A commercial, alcohol-based mouthwash
B. A dilute solution of 50% hydrogen peroxide and 50% normal saline
C. Lemon and glycerol swabs
D. Warm tap water - ANSWER- D
With which client should the nurse be most alert for the possibility of hypertonic dehydration?
A. 52-year-old woman with excessive wound bleeding 4 hours after surgery
B. 55-year-old man with diabetes mellitus in ketoacidosis
C. 80-year-old woman with chronic heart failure
D. 60-year-old man with severe malnutrition - ANSWER- B
Which blood electrolyte level is most important to monitor in the client who has hypertonic
dehydration?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER- B
The client has had a fever for 3 days and has lost 7 pounds. Laboratory tests show the client's
blood osmolarity to be 322 mOsm/L, with a blood sodium level of 148 mmol/L (mEq/L). What is
the correct interpretation of this data?
A. Relative dehydration
,B. Isotonic dehydration
C. Hypertonic dehydration
D. Hypotonic dehydration - ANSWER- C
Which intravenous solution should the nurse be prepared to administer to a client who has
isotonic dehydration?
A. Dextrose 5% in water
B. Dextrose 10% in water
C. 0.45% sodium chloride
D. 0.9% sodium chloride - ANSWER- D
Why is dextrose 5% in water considered to be a hypotonic solution rather than an isotonic
solution, even though its osmolarity is 272 mOsm/L?
A. An isotonic solution must have an osmolarity greater than 300 mOsm/L.
B. Glucose is not an electrolyte and does not completely dissociate in water.
C. Glucose is immediately metabolized upon administration, leaving pure water in circulation.
D. Intravenous glucose immediately draws water from the interstitial and intracellular spaces,
resulting in hemodilution. - ANSWER- C
Which intervention in a client with dehydration-induced confusion is most likely to relieve the
confusion?
A. Measuring intake and output
B. Applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
C. Increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hour
D. Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position - ANSWER- B
Which assessment finding indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for the client with isotonic
dehydration is effective?
A. Pulse pressure has changed from 22 mm Hg to 32 mm Hg.
B. Urine specific gravity has increased from 1.040 to 1.050.
C. Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95%.
, D. Respiratory rate has changed from 16 to 18 - ANSWER- A
Which statement made to the home care nurse by the client at risk for dehydration indicates a
correct understanding of prevention and clinical manifestation of dehydration?
A. "I must drink a quart of liquids each day."
B. "I will weigh myself every morning before I eat or drink."
C. "I will use a salt substitute when preparing and eating my meals."
D. "I will drink no liquids after 6 PM so I won't have to get up at night." - ANSWER- B
Which intravenous fluid solution should the nurse be prepared to administer as rehydration
therapy for the client with hypertonic dehydration?
A. 0.9% saline
B. Dextrose 5% in water
C. Dextrose 5% in saline
D. Dextrose 5% in Ringer's lactate - ANSWER- B
The client, who has chronic conditions that increase the risk for dehydration, is going home.
What intervention is most important to teach this client about identifying the onset of
dehydration?
A. Measuring abdominal girth
B. Converting ounces to milliliters
C. Obtaining and charting accurate weight
D. Selecting food items with high water content - ANSWER- C
Which clinical manifestation in a client with dehydration indicates the need for oxygen therapy?
A. Tenting of skin on the back of the hand
B. Increased urine osmolarity
C. Weight loss of 10 pounds
D. Pulse rate of 115 bpm - ANSWER- D
Which action is the most important for the nurse to teach a client to reduce the risk for
dehydration?
and verified Answers | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates |
100% correct
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
A. The younger adult client with immobility
B. The older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
C. The younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid
D. The older adult client with cognitive impairment - ANSWER- D
What are the fluid compartment consequences of isotonic dehydration?
A. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume contracts
B. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume remains the same
C. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume contracts
D. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume remains the same - ANSWER- B
What are the fluid compartment consequences of hypertonic dehydration?
A. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume contracts
B. ECF compartment volume contracts, ICF volume remains the same
C. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume contracts
D. ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume remains the same - ANSWER- C
The client has been diagnosed with hypotonic dehydration. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Flattened hand veins when the hand is positioned above the heart
B. Increased urine output, decreased urine specific gravity
C. Nonpitting dependent edema
D. Poor handgrip strength - ANSWER- D
,Which is the most important question the nurse should ask the client who has been diagnosed
with isotonic dehydration to identify a possible cause of the fluid imbalance?
A. "Do you take diuretics or 'water pills'?"
B. "What and how much do you normally eat over a day's time?"
C. "How many bowel movements do you usually have each day?"
D. "Have you or any member of your family been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?" - ANSWER-
A
Which choice of mouth care product or technique is best for the nurse to use every 2 hours
when providing mouth care for the client with dehydration who has a dry, sticky mouth?
A. A commercial, alcohol-based mouthwash
B. A dilute solution of 50% hydrogen peroxide and 50% normal saline
C. Lemon and glycerol swabs
D. Warm tap water - ANSWER- D
With which client should the nurse be most alert for the possibility of hypertonic dehydration?
A. 52-year-old woman with excessive wound bleeding 4 hours after surgery
B. 55-year-old man with diabetes mellitus in ketoacidosis
C. 80-year-old woman with chronic heart failure
D. 60-year-old man with severe malnutrition - ANSWER- B
Which blood electrolyte level is most important to monitor in the client who has hypertonic
dehydration?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER- B
The client has had a fever for 3 days and has lost 7 pounds. Laboratory tests show the client's
blood osmolarity to be 322 mOsm/L, with a blood sodium level of 148 mmol/L (mEq/L). What is
the correct interpretation of this data?
A. Relative dehydration
,B. Isotonic dehydration
C. Hypertonic dehydration
D. Hypotonic dehydration - ANSWER- C
Which intravenous solution should the nurse be prepared to administer to a client who has
isotonic dehydration?
A. Dextrose 5% in water
B. Dextrose 10% in water
C. 0.45% sodium chloride
D. 0.9% sodium chloride - ANSWER- D
Why is dextrose 5% in water considered to be a hypotonic solution rather than an isotonic
solution, even though its osmolarity is 272 mOsm/L?
A. An isotonic solution must have an osmolarity greater than 300 mOsm/L.
B. Glucose is not an electrolyte and does not completely dissociate in water.
C. Glucose is immediately metabolized upon administration, leaving pure water in circulation.
D. Intravenous glucose immediately draws water from the interstitial and intracellular spaces,
resulting in hemodilution. - ANSWER- C
Which intervention in a client with dehydration-induced confusion is most likely to relieve the
confusion?
A. Measuring intake and output
B. Applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
C. Increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hour
D. Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position - ANSWER- B
Which assessment finding indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for the client with isotonic
dehydration is effective?
A. Pulse pressure has changed from 22 mm Hg to 32 mm Hg.
B. Urine specific gravity has increased from 1.040 to 1.050.
C. Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95%.
, D. Respiratory rate has changed from 16 to 18 - ANSWER- A
Which statement made to the home care nurse by the client at risk for dehydration indicates a
correct understanding of prevention and clinical manifestation of dehydration?
A. "I must drink a quart of liquids each day."
B. "I will weigh myself every morning before I eat or drink."
C. "I will use a salt substitute when preparing and eating my meals."
D. "I will drink no liquids after 6 PM so I won't have to get up at night." - ANSWER- B
Which intravenous fluid solution should the nurse be prepared to administer as rehydration
therapy for the client with hypertonic dehydration?
A. 0.9% saline
B. Dextrose 5% in water
C. Dextrose 5% in saline
D. Dextrose 5% in Ringer's lactate - ANSWER- B
The client, who has chronic conditions that increase the risk for dehydration, is going home.
What intervention is most important to teach this client about identifying the onset of
dehydration?
A. Measuring abdominal girth
B. Converting ounces to milliliters
C. Obtaining and charting accurate weight
D. Selecting food items with high water content - ANSWER- C
Which clinical manifestation in a client with dehydration indicates the need for oxygen therapy?
A. Tenting of skin on the back of the hand
B. Increased urine osmolarity
C. Weight loss of 10 pounds
D. Pulse rate of 115 bpm - ANSWER- D
Which action is the most important for the nurse to teach a client to reduce the risk for
dehydration?
