NSE 222: WEEKS 4-6 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATE | SOLVED 100% CORRECT.
What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? Answer - -
Focuses on understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do
people assign to their experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a
phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness
issues
What is the purpose of phenomenological research? Answer - - Seeks to make
sense of people's experience and transforms these experiences of a
phenomenon into consciousness and describing its individual and shared
meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made
sense of, and spoken about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
What are the values of phenomenology? Answer - - Process of learning and
constructing meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
,What are the types of phenomenological methods? Answer - Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
What is descriptive phenomenology? Answer - •Based Edmond Husserl's
philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? Answer - •Based on
Martin Heidegger philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship
and meaning
What is hermeneutics? Answer - •Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or
meaning making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting
meaning of human phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with
participants
- Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? Answer - Founding father
of phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a
pure form
, •Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious
experience of everyday life as people experience them
•E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance
preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
What are the steps involved in bracketing? Answer - •Intuiting: remain open to
the meanings attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
the essential meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the
phenomenon
What is reflexivity in bracketing? Answer - •Reflexivity: bracketing is achieved
through reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? Answer -
•Emphasis is on interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance
understanding of key meanings
•Use preconceptions productively to see what is missing or different
•no bracketing (why?)
•Understanding of individuals cannot occur in isolation of their culture, social
context, or historical period in which they live
What does a Hermeneutic circle involve? Answer - - Interpretation is not a
linear process
- A back-and-forth (iterative) movement between the whole and the part
- Understanding enhance through interactive process
UPDATE | SOLVED 100% CORRECT.
What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? Answer - -
Focuses on understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do
people assign to their experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a
phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness
issues
What is the purpose of phenomenological research? Answer - - Seeks to make
sense of people's experience and transforms these experiences of a
phenomenon into consciousness and describing its individual and shared
meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made
sense of, and spoken about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
What are the values of phenomenology? Answer - - Process of learning and
constructing meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
,What are the types of phenomenological methods? Answer - Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
What is descriptive phenomenology? Answer - •Based Edmond Husserl's
philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? Answer - •Based on
Martin Heidegger philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship
and meaning
What is hermeneutics? Answer - •Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or
meaning making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting
meaning of human phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with
participants
- Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? Answer - Founding father
of phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a
pure form
, •Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious
experience of everyday life as people experience them
•E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance
preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
What are the steps involved in bracketing? Answer - •Intuiting: remain open to
the meanings attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
the essential meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the
phenomenon
What is reflexivity in bracketing? Answer - •Reflexivity: bracketing is achieved
through reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? Answer -
•Emphasis is on interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance
understanding of key meanings
•Use preconceptions productively to see what is missing or different
•no bracketing (why?)
•Understanding of individuals cannot occur in isolation of their culture, social
context, or historical period in which they live
What does a Hermeneutic circle involve? Answer - - Interpretation is not a
linear process
- A back-and-forth (iterative) movement between the whole and the part
- Understanding enhance through interactive process
