CLASSICS 2902A MIDTERM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
ACTUAL SOLUTIONS.
Types of surgery - (answer)- Fractures
- Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery: urinary, fistula, tumors, etc
- Eye surgery
- Combat wounds
- Surgery relating to female reproduction (C-Sections, abortion)
- Dental surgery, dental bridgework
Known Surgeons - (answer)- Erasistratus (3rd c BCE, Alexandra): competent surgeon, especially
abdominal
- Philoxenus (fl. 75-70 BCE): expert for tumors
- Ammonius (3rd c BCE, Alexandria): Method for crushing bladder stones:
Attitudes towards surgery - (answer)Evidence for surgery is very fragmentary; most of our evidence
comes from Alexandria where surgery flourished
Surgery: Highlights over time - (answer)_- Emphasis on speed
- Robert Liston (19th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
- William Cheselden (18th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 1 minute
- Surgeons of Liston's time: "SPEEDY" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2 assistant's fingers
Speed limits the quality of surgery
Limitations of Surgery - (answer)1. Lack of power antiseptics (chemical agents that prevent infection)
2. Sepsis - serious condition in which the body responds improperly to infection
Types of Anesthesia - (answer)Physical
inhalation/ingestion
Psychological
, CLASSICS 2902A MIDTERM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
ACTUAL SOLUTIONS.
Physical Anesthesia - (answer)- knock out method
- compression of jugular veins
- aritifcal bleeding
Pyschological Anesthesia - (answer)- Hypnotism
- Meditations
Inhalation/ingestion - (answer)- Advantage: easily adjusted if administered too much
Poppy - (answer)- best and longest known, most useful
- crushed and liquid extracted: slit capsule, let juice exude, dry, scrape off, roll into ball
- small dose=stimulant, large dose = induces sleep
- Diagoras and Erasistrauts: Dangers of opium dosage
Hyoscymus (medicinal plant) - (answer)- species of wild poppy
- ancient Indian medicine: anesthetic used for c-sections
Hemlock - (answer)- local anesthetic
- Internal: affects motor and sensory centers
- death of socrates
Garlic and onions - (answer)- small dose: stimulant, large dose; sedative
- Diodorus Siculus: For slaves building pyram,ids, forbidden to priests of Isis
- for roman soldiers before a fight (gave them strength)
Persian medicine broken down into 3 periods - (answer)- Indo-European Period (knife - warriors, herbs -
sheperds/farmers, mantras - priests
ACTUAL SOLUTIONS.
Types of surgery - (answer)- Fractures
- Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery: urinary, fistula, tumors, etc
- Eye surgery
- Combat wounds
- Surgery relating to female reproduction (C-Sections, abortion)
- Dental surgery, dental bridgework
Known Surgeons - (answer)- Erasistratus (3rd c BCE, Alexandra): competent surgeon, especially
abdominal
- Philoxenus (fl. 75-70 BCE): expert for tumors
- Ammonius (3rd c BCE, Alexandria): Method for crushing bladder stones:
Attitudes towards surgery - (answer)Evidence for surgery is very fragmentary; most of our evidence
comes from Alexandria where surgery flourished
Surgery: Highlights over time - (answer)_- Emphasis on speed
- Robert Liston (19th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
- William Cheselden (18th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 1 minute
- Surgeons of Liston's time: "SPEEDY" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2 assistant's fingers
Speed limits the quality of surgery
Limitations of Surgery - (answer)1. Lack of power antiseptics (chemical agents that prevent infection)
2. Sepsis - serious condition in which the body responds improperly to infection
Types of Anesthesia - (answer)Physical
inhalation/ingestion
Psychological
, CLASSICS 2902A MIDTERM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
ACTUAL SOLUTIONS.
Physical Anesthesia - (answer)- knock out method
- compression of jugular veins
- aritifcal bleeding
Pyschological Anesthesia - (answer)- Hypnotism
- Meditations
Inhalation/ingestion - (answer)- Advantage: easily adjusted if administered too much
Poppy - (answer)- best and longest known, most useful
- crushed and liquid extracted: slit capsule, let juice exude, dry, scrape off, roll into ball
- small dose=stimulant, large dose = induces sleep
- Diagoras and Erasistrauts: Dangers of opium dosage
Hyoscymus (medicinal plant) - (answer)- species of wild poppy
- ancient Indian medicine: anesthetic used for c-sections
Hemlock - (answer)- local anesthetic
- Internal: affects motor and sensory centers
- death of socrates
Garlic and onions - (answer)- small dose: stimulant, large dose; sedative
- Diodorus Siculus: For slaves building pyram,ids, forbidden to priests of Isis
- for roman soldiers before a fight (gave them strength)
Persian medicine broken down into 3 periods - (answer)- Indo-European Period (knife - warriors, herbs -
sheperds/farmers, mantras - priests
