1. In Hull's framework, incentives primarily do this to be- energize
havior
2. Tolman argued that incentives provide this, allowing information (expectan-
organisms to anticipate outcomes cies)
3. Mowrer proposed that incentives generate emotion- hope
al states, including fear and this positive anticipatory
emotion
4. according to klinger, when a goal is blocked, individu- invigoration
als initially respond with increased effort in this phase
5. In this phase, a person persists toward a goal despite primitivization
repeated obstacles, then becomes rigid and less flexi-
ble in strategy.
6. chemical signals that influence attraction and repro- pheromones
ductive behavior
7. Hormonal influences that shape development early in organizational effects
life
8. short-term hormonal influences that activate behavior activational effects
9. neutral stimuli that become sexually arousing through conditioning/learned sex-
association illustrate this process ual stimuli
10. explain why human sexual behavior cannot be ex- interaction of biological,
plained by biology alone psychological, and social
factors
11. addiction involving physiological dependence on a physical addiction
substance
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