PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This;Exam;contains:;
Questions;and;Answers;
100%;Guarantee;Pass
Multiple-Choice;(A–D),;For;Each;Question.;
Each;Question;Includes;The;Correct;Answer;
Expert-Verified;explanation
,###;1.;Persistent;dysplasia;eventually;results;in;cancer.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
Explanation:;Dysplasia;involves;abnormal;cell;growth;that;disrupts;tissue;architecture.;If;the;inj
urious;stimulus;persists,;dysplastic;cells;can;accumulate;mutations;leading;to;neoplastic;transf
ormation;and;invasive;cancer.
---
###;2.;Hypertrophy;can;occur;under;normal;and;pathological;conditions.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
Explanation:;Hypertrophy;is;an;increase;in;cell;size;resulting;in;organ;enlargement.;It;occurs;p
hysiologically;(e.g.,;uterine;enlargement;during;pregnancy);and;pathologically;(e.g.,;left;ventric
ular;hypertrophy;in;hypertension).
---
###;3.;A;bodybuilder's;muscles;will;display;hyperplasia.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;False;;
Explanation:;Skeletal;muscle;growth;in;adults;primarily;occurs;by;hypertrophy;(increase;in;cell;
size),;not;hyperplasia;(increase;in;cell;number),;as;skeletal;muscle;cells;are;multinucleated;and;
post-mitotic.
---
###;4.;Which;are;true;of;mitochondria?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
,A);Involved;in;cellular;respiration;;
B);Play;a;role;in;apoptosis;;
C);Found;far;from;the;site;of;energy;consumption;;
D);Control;free;radicals;;
Answer:;A);Involved;in;cellular;respiration;;B);Play;a;role;in;apoptosis;;
Explanation:;Mitochondria;are;the;primary;sites;of;ATP;production;through;cellular;respiration;
and;release;factors;that;trigger;apoptosis.;They;are;typically;located;near;energy-
demanding;sites;;therefore,;choices;C;and;D;are;false;because;mitochondria;localize;close;to;e
nergy;needs;and;can;both;generate;and;scavenge;free;radicals;but;do;not;primarily;control;the
m.
---
###;5.;Which;are;true;of;the;cell;membrane?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
A);Aids;in;the;regulation;of;cell;growth;and;proliferation;;
B);Helps;with;the;conduction;of;electrical;currents;in;nerve;and;muscle;cells;;
C);Controls;the;transport;of;materials;from;outside;fluids;to;within;;
D);Stores;energy;in;the;form;of;ATP;;
Answer:;A),;B),;and;C);;
Explanation:;The;cell;membrane;regulates;cell;signaling,;mediates;electrical;conductance;via;
ion;channels,;and;controls;selective;transport;of;substances.;It;does;not;store;ATP;;mitochondri
a;handle;energy;production;and;storage.
---
, ###;6.;Which;of;the;following;are;true;of;the;cell?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
A);Proteins;carry;out;the;functions;of;the;cell;membrane;;
B);Lysosomes;are;the;digestive;system;of;the;cell;;
C);Microfilaments;are;thin,;threadlike;cytoplasmic;structures;;
D);Mitochondria;synthesize;proteins;;
Answer:;A),;B),;and;C);;
Explanation:;Cell;membrane;proteins;are;essential;for;transport;and;signaling;;lysosomes;dig
est;cellular;debris;;microfilaments;are;part;of;the;cytoskeleton.;Protein;synthesis;occurs;mainly;i
n;ribosomes,;not;mitochondria.
---
###;7.;Metaplastic;cells;are;not;better;prepared;to;survive;under;stressful;circumstances.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;False;;
Explanation:;Metaplastic;cells;adapt;by;changing;from;one;differentiated;cell;type;to;another;th
at;is;better;suited;to;endure;chronic;stress;or;injury.;This;adaptive;change;often;enhances;cell;s
urvival;under;persistent;stress;(e.g.,;squamous;metaplasia;in;the;respiratory;tract;due;to;smokin
g).;Thus,;metaplasia;is;generally;a;protective;response.
---
###;8.;Persistent;metaplasia;can;lead;to;dysplasia.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This;Exam;contains:;
Questions;and;Answers;
100%;Guarantee;Pass
Multiple-Choice;(A–D),;For;Each;Question.;
Each;Question;Includes;The;Correct;Answer;
Expert-Verified;explanation
,###;1.;Persistent;dysplasia;eventually;results;in;cancer.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
Explanation:;Dysplasia;involves;abnormal;cell;growth;that;disrupts;tissue;architecture.;If;the;inj
urious;stimulus;persists,;dysplastic;cells;can;accumulate;mutations;leading;to;neoplastic;transf
ormation;and;invasive;cancer.
---
###;2.;Hypertrophy;can;occur;under;normal;and;pathological;conditions.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
Explanation:;Hypertrophy;is;an;increase;in;cell;size;resulting;in;organ;enlargement.;It;occurs;p
hysiologically;(e.g.,;uterine;enlargement;during;pregnancy);and;pathologically;(e.g.,;left;ventric
ular;hypertrophy;in;hypertension).
---
###;3.;A;bodybuilder's;muscles;will;display;hyperplasia.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;False;;
Explanation:;Skeletal;muscle;growth;in;adults;primarily;occurs;by;hypertrophy;(increase;in;cell;
size),;not;hyperplasia;(increase;in;cell;number),;as;skeletal;muscle;cells;are;multinucleated;and;
post-mitotic.
---
###;4.;Which;are;true;of;mitochondria?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
,A);Involved;in;cellular;respiration;;
B);Play;a;role;in;apoptosis;;
C);Found;far;from;the;site;of;energy;consumption;;
D);Control;free;radicals;;
Answer:;A);Involved;in;cellular;respiration;;B);Play;a;role;in;apoptosis;;
Explanation:;Mitochondria;are;the;primary;sites;of;ATP;production;through;cellular;respiration;
and;release;factors;that;trigger;apoptosis.;They;are;typically;located;near;energy-
demanding;sites;;therefore,;choices;C;and;D;are;false;because;mitochondria;localize;close;to;e
nergy;needs;and;can;both;generate;and;scavenge;free;radicals;but;do;not;primarily;control;the
m.
---
###;5.;Which;are;true;of;the;cell;membrane?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
A);Aids;in;the;regulation;of;cell;growth;and;proliferation;;
B);Helps;with;the;conduction;of;electrical;currents;in;nerve;and;muscle;cells;;
C);Controls;the;transport;of;materials;from;outside;fluids;to;within;;
D);Stores;energy;in;the;form;of;ATP;;
Answer:;A),;B),;and;C);;
Explanation:;The;cell;membrane;regulates;cell;signaling,;mediates;electrical;conductance;via;
ion;channels,;and;controls;selective;transport;of;substances.;It;does;not;store;ATP;;mitochondri
a;handle;energy;production;and;storage.
---
, ###;6.;Which;of;the;following;are;true;of;the;cell?;(Select;all;that;apply);;
A);Proteins;carry;out;the;functions;of;the;cell;membrane;;
B);Lysosomes;are;the;digestive;system;of;the;cell;;
C);Microfilaments;are;thin,;threadlike;cytoplasmic;structures;;
D);Mitochondria;synthesize;proteins;;
Answer:;A),;B),;and;C);;
Explanation:;Cell;membrane;proteins;are;essential;for;transport;and;signaling;;lysosomes;dig
est;cellular;debris;;microfilaments;are;part;of;the;cytoskeleton.;Protein;synthesis;occurs;mainly;i
n;ribosomes,;not;mitochondria.
---
###;7.;Metaplastic;cells;are;not;better;prepared;to;survive;under;stressful;circumstances.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;False;;
Explanation:;Metaplastic;cells;adapt;by;changing;from;one;differentiated;cell;type;to;another;th
at;is;better;suited;to;endure;chronic;stress;or;injury.;This;adaptive;change;often;enhances;cell;s
urvival;under;persistent;stress;(e.g.,;squamous;metaplasia;in;the;respiratory;tract;due;to;smokin
g).;Thus,;metaplasia;is;generally;a;protective;response.
---
###;8.;Persistent;metaplasia;can;lead;to;dysplasia.;;
True;or;False?;;
Answer:;True;;
