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NUTR 372 Exam 4 Practice Test - Vitamins, Minerals, Electrolytes, Bone Health Questions PDF

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD of a comprehensive NUTR 372 Exam 4 practice test covering vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and bone health. This exam-style question bank includes 143 multiple-choice questions with complete answer choices covering fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A: retinol storage in liver, retinal for vision, carotenoids conversion to retinal; vitamin D: D3 synthesis from 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin via sunlight, D2 in fortified foods and plant sources, 25-hydroxyvitamin D as primary biomarker, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) activation in kidneys and liver, PTH and calcitonin regulation of calcium, vitamin D enhancing intestinal calcium absorption via CaT1 and calbindin; vitamin E: alpha-tocopherol as essential form, antioxidant protection of cell membranes, vitamin C regenerating oxidized vitamin E, transport in chylomicrons then LDL/VLDL, deficiency causing hemolytic anemia; vitamin K: phylloquinone for blood clotting via prothrombin synthesis, Warfarin antagonism, deficiency causing bleeding/bruising), major minerals (calcium: trabecular bone as primary source for blood calcium, osteoclasts for bone resorption, osteoblasts for bone formation, calmodulin binding 4 calcium ions for signaling, paracellular and active transport, PTH increases blood calcium, calcitonin decreases blood calcium; magnesium: in chlorophyll, essential for ATP-dependent enzyme reactions, calmodulin function, deficiency linked to hypocalcemia; phosphorus: PTH increases urinary excretion, kidneys regulate balance; sodium: primarily extracellular, aldosterone increases reabsorption, 95-100% absorption rate, DMT1 for iron absorption; potassium: primarily intracellular (140 mM intracellular vs 4 mM extracellular), insulin and catecholamines stimulate cellular uptake; chloride: osmotic pressure, stomach acid HCl, immune function), trace minerals (iron: DMT1 absorbs Fe2+, transferrin transports, ferritin stores, hemoglobin for oxygen transport, calcium and phytates decrease absorption, vitamin C enhances absorption; zinc: cofactor for metalloenzymes, Wilson's disease treatment, immune function; copper: eliminated primarily via bile, Wilson's disease copper accumulation; magnesium from chlorophyll), hormones (PTH increases blood calcium via bone resorption, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption; calcitonin decreases blood calcium inhibiting osteoclasts; aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption; insulin facilitates potassium uptake), bone physiology (trabecular bone releases calcium for blood, osteoclasts resorb bone, osteoblasts form bone, osteoporosis risk with overactive osteoclasts), and transport mechanisms (chylomicrons for vitamin E, DMT1 for iron, calmodulin calcium binding). Perfect for nutrition and dietetics students, registered dietitian exam preparation, advanced nutrition certification, and medical nutrition therapy tion practice test, NUTR 372 exam, vitamins and minerals questions, vitamin D synthesis, calcium regulation PTH calcitonin, vitamin K blood clotting, Warfarin interaction, vitamin E antioxidant, vitamin C regenerates vitamin E, iron absorption DMT1 transferrin ferritin, magnesium chlorophyll, sodium potassium distribution, aldosterone sodium reabsorption, insulin potassium uptake, calmodulin calcium binding, osteoclasts osteoblasts, trabecular bone, hemolytic anemia vitamin E, night blindness vitamin A, 25-hydroxyvitamin D biomarker, calcitriol activation, phylloquinone, retinol retinal retinoic acid, registered dietitian exam

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Instelling
Nutrition
Vak
Nutrition

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

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1. Food containing chlorophyll are a source of which mineral?
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r. Na


r. Mg r.




Cl
r. r.




P
r.




2. The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



extracellular compartments is...
r. r. r.




r . sodium mainly intracellular, potassium mainly in extracellular
r. r. r. r. r. r.




r. equal amounts of both ions, in both intracellular and extracellular
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



r. fluids

r . potassium mainly intracellular, sodium mainly in extracellular
r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




3. Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



oxidized?
r .




r. vitamin

r. B12 r. r. folate

r. vitamin C r.




r . vitamin D r.




4. If a person has a deficiency in vitamin D, what impact might this have on their
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.

, calcium levels and bone health?
r. r. r. r. r.

, r . It will have no effect on calcium levels or bone health.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . It will increase calcium absorption and strengthen bones.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . It may lead to decreased calcium absorption and increased risk of
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



bone health issues.
r. r. r.




r . It will cause calcium to be stored in excess in the bones.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




5. Which form of vitamin D is primarily found in fortified foods and plant-based
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



sources?
r.




r. Calcidiol

r. Vitamin D2 r.




r. Vitamin D3
r. r.




r. r. Calcitriol

6. This small protein binds 4 calcium ions, undergoes a significant structural
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



change on binding calcium, and then proceeds to interact with other target
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



proteins to mediate many calcium effects.
r. r. r. r. r. r.




r. Calmodulin
r.



Parvalbumin
r. r.




r. Ras

r . CaM KII r.




r . Troponin C r.




7. If a patient presents with hypocalcemia and is found to have low magnesium
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



levels, what would be a recommended course of action?
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . Increase dietary calcium without addressing magnesium levels.
r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . Supplement magnesium to improve calcium levels. r. r. r. r. r.

, r . Prescribe vitamin D only to increase calcium absorption. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




Monitor calcium levels without any intervention.
r. r. r. r. r. r.




8. If a patient on Warfarin increases their dietary intake of vitamin K-rich foods,
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



what effect might this have on their anticoagulation therapy?
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . It will enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r. r. It will cause an allergic reaction to Warfarin.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . It will have no effect on Warfarin therapy.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . It may reduce the effectiveness of Warfarin, leading to increased
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



r. risk of clotting. r. r.




9. Describe the significance of sodium's distribution in relation to its
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



physiological functions.
r. r.




r. Sodium is evenly distributed in all body fluids, affecting muscle
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



contraction equally.
r. r.




r. Sodium is primarily found in intracellular fluid, which is essential for
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



energy production.
r. r.




r. Sodium is primarily found in extracellular fluid, which is crucial for
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



maintaining fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r . Sodium is mainly stored in bone tissue, influencing mineral density.
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




10. A patient with osteoporosis is at an increased risk of fractures due to the
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



decreased density of which type of bone that is also a key source of
r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



calcium?

r. Subchondral

bone
r. r. r. Woven

r. bone

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Nutrition
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