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1. Which of the following increases during prolonged fasting?
Muscle protein degradation
Liver production of urea
Muscle use of ketone bodies
Liver gluconeogenesis
Brain use of ketone bodies
2. An individual on a VLCHO diet experiences a rapid weight loss of 6 pounds
(approximately 2700 grams) within the first week. Assuming this weight loss is
primarily due to water associated with glycogen depletion, approximately
how many grams of glycogen were initially depleted?
2700 grams
8100 grams
300 grams
600 grams
900 grams
3. What role is played by the liver in glucose metabolism?
beta-oxidation
glycosylation
deamination
gluconeogenesis
,4. If on a low carbohydrate diet, metabolism is most likely to:
Increase
Remain unchanged
Decrease
5. A patient with liver failure is experiencing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
even after consuming a protein-rich meal. Which metabolic process is most
likely impaired in this patient?
Fatty acid oxidation
Glycolysis
Ketogenesis
Glycogen synthesis
Gluconeogenesis from amino acids
6. How does insulin increase glucose uptake in skeletal and heart muscle?
It prevents breakdown of GLUT4 molecules thereby increasing their
concentration in the plasma membrane
It activates GLUT4 molecules in the plasma membrane to transport
glucose faster
It stimulates delivery of vesicles containing GLUT4 to the plasma
membrane
It stimulates delivery of vesicles containing GLUT2 to the plasma
membrane
It activates GLUT2 molecules in the plasma membrane to transport
glucose into cells
,7. A patient with liver cirrhosis experiences impaired gluconeogenesis. How
would this condition likely affect their blood glucose levels during an
overnight fast?
Blood glucose levels would likely increase due to increased
glycogenolysis.
Blood glucose levels would likely decrease due to reduced glucose
production by the liver.
Blood glucose levels would be unaffected as other organs
compensate for the liver's dysfunction
Blood glucose levels would remain stable due to increased insulin
sensitivity.
Blood glucose levels would fluctuate wildly due to unregulated
hormone production.
8. An individual is trying to lose weight and decides to switch from a high-
carbohydrate diet to a high-protein diet. Based on the concept of the thermic
effect of food (TEF), how would this dietary change potentially impact their
weight loss efforts?
The high-protein diet will decrease the absorption of fats, leading to
weight loss regardless of TEF
The high-protein diet would primarily affect muscle growth, with
minimal impact on overall energy expenditure.
The lower TEF of protein would decrease daily energy expenditure,
hindering weight loss.
The change in macronutrient composition would have no impact on
energy expenditure or weight loss.
The higher TEF of protein compared to carbohydrates could
increase daily energy expenditure, aiding in weight loss.
, 9. Explain the relationship between AMPK, ACC, and energy homeostasis in the
context of metabolic regulation.
AMPK inhibits catabolic pathways while activating ACC, which
increases fatty acid synthesis and reduces fatty acid oxidation,
disrupting energy balance.
AMPK activates catabolic pathways while inhibiting ACC, which
reduces fatty acid synthesis and promotes fatty acid oxidation, thus
maintaining energy balance.
AMPK and ACC have no direct impact on fatty acid metabolism or
energy homeostasis.
AMPK directly activates fatty acid synthesis, while ACC inhibits fatty
acid oxidation, leading to an imbalance in energy homeostasis
AMPK and ACC work synergistically to promote fatty acid synthesis
and inhibit fatty acid oxidation, leading to energy storage.
10. Which specific molecule is directly converted into fructose-6-phosphate by
Fructose Bisphosphatase during gluconeogenesis?
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Glucose-1-phosphate
11. What is the function of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD)?
Facilitating the synthesis of fatty acids
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of Malonyl-CoA back to Acetyl-CoA
Regulating glucose metabolism
Assisting in amino acid synthesis
1. Which of the following increases during prolonged fasting?
Muscle protein degradation
Liver production of urea
Muscle use of ketone bodies
Liver gluconeogenesis
Brain use of ketone bodies
2. An individual on a VLCHO diet experiences a rapid weight loss of 6 pounds
(approximately 2700 grams) within the first week. Assuming this weight loss is
primarily due to water associated with glycogen depletion, approximately
how many grams of glycogen were initially depleted?
2700 grams
8100 grams
300 grams
600 grams
900 grams
3. What role is played by the liver in glucose metabolism?
beta-oxidation
glycosylation
deamination
gluconeogenesis
,4. If on a low carbohydrate diet, metabolism is most likely to:
Increase
Remain unchanged
Decrease
5. A patient with liver failure is experiencing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
even after consuming a protein-rich meal. Which metabolic process is most
likely impaired in this patient?
Fatty acid oxidation
Glycolysis
Ketogenesis
Glycogen synthesis
Gluconeogenesis from amino acids
6. How does insulin increase glucose uptake in skeletal and heart muscle?
It prevents breakdown of GLUT4 molecules thereby increasing their
concentration in the plasma membrane
It activates GLUT4 molecules in the plasma membrane to transport
glucose faster
It stimulates delivery of vesicles containing GLUT4 to the plasma
membrane
It stimulates delivery of vesicles containing GLUT2 to the plasma
membrane
It activates GLUT2 molecules in the plasma membrane to transport
glucose into cells
,7. A patient with liver cirrhosis experiences impaired gluconeogenesis. How
would this condition likely affect their blood glucose levels during an
overnight fast?
Blood glucose levels would likely increase due to increased
glycogenolysis.
Blood glucose levels would likely decrease due to reduced glucose
production by the liver.
Blood glucose levels would be unaffected as other organs
compensate for the liver's dysfunction
Blood glucose levels would remain stable due to increased insulin
sensitivity.
Blood glucose levels would fluctuate wildly due to unregulated
hormone production.
8. An individual is trying to lose weight and decides to switch from a high-
carbohydrate diet to a high-protein diet. Based on the concept of the thermic
effect of food (TEF), how would this dietary change potentially impact their
weight loss efforts?
The high-protein diet will decrease the absorption of fats, leading to
weight loss regardless of TEF
The high-protein diet would primarily affect muscle growth, with
minimal impact on overall energy expenditure.
The lower TEF of protein would decrease daily energy expenditure,
hindering weight loss.
The change in macronutrient composition would have no impact on
energy expenditure or weight loss.
The higher TEF of protein compared to carbohydrates could
increase daily energy expenditure, aiding in weight loss.
, 9. Explain the relationship between AMPK, ACC, and energy homeostasis in the
context of metabolic regulation.
AMPK inhibits catabolic pathways while activating ACC, which
increases fatty acid synthesis and reduces fatty acid oxidation,
disrupting energy balance.
AMPK activates catabolic pathways while inhibiting ACC, which
reduces fatty acid synthesis and promotes fatty acid oxidation, thus
maintaining energy balance.
AMPK and ACC have no direct impact on fatty acid metabolism or
energy homeostasis.
AMPK directly activates fatty acid synthesis, while ACC inhibits fatty
acid oxidation, leading to an imbalance in energy homeostasis
AMPK and ACC work synergistically to promote fatty acid synthesis
and inhibit fatty acid oxidation, leading to energy storage.
10. Which specific molecule is directly converted into fructose-6-phosphate by
Fructose Bisphosphatase during gluconeogenesis?
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Glucose-1-phosphate
11. What is the function of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD)?
Facilitating the synthesis of fatty acids
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of Malonyl-CoA back to Acetyl-CoA
Regulating glucose metabolism
Assisting in amino acid synthesis
