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NUTR 647 Final Exam Practice Test PDF | Insulin Resistance Metabolic Pathways Sarcopenia

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD of the complete "NUTR 647 Final Exam Practice Test - " featuring 60 graded questions and correct answers on advanced metabolic regulation including insulin action (glycogenesis, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis inhibition), sarcopenia pathophysiology, leucine trigger hypothesis for muscle protein synthesis, energy metabolism systems (phosphagen, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic metabolism), beta-oxidation, TCA cycle (Krebs cycle), Respiratory Quotient (RQ) interpretation (0.85 mixed fuel, 1.0 carbohydrate), urea cycle and ammonia detoxification, alcohol metabolism (MEOS, aldehyde dehydrogenase), Type I vs Type IIx muscle fibers, gluconeogenesis during fasting, and BCAA metabolism. Perfect for graduate-level nutrition, medical physiology, and exercise metabolism exam review.NUTR 647 final exam, insulin resistance answers, sarcopenia study guide, leucine trigger hypothesis, TCA cycle questions, beta oxidation explained, RQ respiratory quotient, muscle fiber types, urea cycle metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase MEOS, gluconeogenesis fasting, BCAA metabolism, energy expenditure components, molecular chaperones, aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

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Institution
Nutrition
Course
Nutrition

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1. A 50-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is being educated about the
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importance of insulin in managing his condition. The nurse explains how
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insulin affects the body's metabolism. Which of the following best describes
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the action of insulin?
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h . Insulin decreases glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells, and inhibits
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h. protein synthesis. h.




h. Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis and promotes the breakdown
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h. of fats into fatty acids.
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h . Insulin increases glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells,
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h. promotes glycogen synthesis, inhibits gluconeogenesis, stimulates
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h. protein synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis.
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h . Insulin has no effect on protein metabolism but increases glucose
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h. production by the liver. h. h. h.




2. What is the primary characteristic of sarcopenia?
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h . Increased muscle mass and strength h. h. h. h.




h . Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength h. h. h. h. h. h.




h . Enhanced muscle recovery after exercise h. h. h. h.




h. h. Improved muscle fiber composition h. h. h.




3. Which metabolic processes are stimulated by insulin during the fed state?
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h . Gluconeogenesis and lipolysis h. h .




h . Glycogenesis and lipogenesis h. h.




h . Protein catabolism and fatty acid oxidation
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, h . Glycolysis and ketogenesis h. h.




4. If a bodybuilder is looking to optimize muscle gain, how might they
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adjust their diet based on the leucine trigger hypothesis?
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h . Increase overall caloric intake without focusing on protein sources.
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h . Incorporate more leucine-rich foods or supplements into their diet.
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h . Reduce protein intake to enhance fat metabolism.
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h . Focus solely on carbohydrate intake to improve energy levels.
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5. Which of the following is NOT a role of molecular chaperones?
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h. They assist proteins in folding into their correct conformations
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h. h. They prevent formation of protein aggregates
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h . They determine the final three-dimensional shape of proteins
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h. They function in quality control by guiding mis-folded proteins
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h. for degradation
h.




6. Explain how the leucine trigger hypothesis contributes to our
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understanding of muscle gain in relation to protein intake.
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h . It suggests that all amino acids equally stimulate muscle growth.
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h. It indicates that leucine is the most effective amino acid
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h. for promoting muscle protein synthesis.
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h . It shows that protein intake has no effect on muscle gain.
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h . It emphasizes the role of carbohydrates over proteins in muscle
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h. development.

7. If a 70-year-old individual begins a regular strength training program
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and improves their diet, what potential impact could this have on
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sarcopenia?
h.

, h . It may accelerate the loss of muscle mass and strength.
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h . It could help maintain or even increase muscle mass and strength.
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h . It will have no effect on muscle mass or strength.
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h . It may lead to increased fat mass instead of muscle mass.
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8. What does an RQ value of 0.85 indicate about substrate utilization
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during metabolism?
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h . Fat oxidation h.




h . Carbohydrate oxidation h.




h . A mix of fat and carbohydrate
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h . Protein oxidation h.




9. What is the primary role of leucine in muscle metabolism according to
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the leucine trigger hypothesis?
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h . It inhibits muscle protein synthesis.
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h . It stimulates muscle protein synthesis.
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h. It decreases energy expenditure.
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h. h. It enhances fat metabolism.
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10. Explain the conditions under which each of the three energy
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metabolism systems is primarily utilized during exercise.
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The phosphagen system is used for prolonged activities, anaerobic
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glycolysis for low-intensity, and aerobic metabolism for high-
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intensity efforts. h.




h. The phosphagen system is dominant in short, high-intensity
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efforts, anaerobic glycolysis in moderate to high-intensity efforts
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lasting a
h. h.

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Institution
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