NUTR 731 Practice Test PDF | Insulin Signaling GLUT4 SGLT1 Glucose Absorption Metabolism

1. Which of the following is a common symptom of sucrase-isomaltase
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deficiency in individuals after consuming foods containing sucrose or
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isomaltose?
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r. Hypoglycemia

r . Constipation and weight gain r. r. r.




r . Diarrhea and abdominal pain r. r. r.




r . Nausea and vomiting r. r.




2. In a patient with insulin resistance, how might hexokinase activity in muscle be
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affected, and what implications does this have for glucose metabolism?
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r. Hexokinase activity will increase, enhancing glucose uptake and
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r. lowering blood glucose levels. r. r. r.




r . Hexokinase activity will decrease, but lactate production will r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



compensate for glucose uptake.
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r. Hexokinase activity will remain unchanged, but glycogen synthesis will
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increase.
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r . Hexokinase activity may be reduced, leading to impaired glucose r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



uptake and increased blood glucose levels.
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3. In a clinical scenario where a patient has a mutation affecting the
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nonreducing ends of glycogen, what would you expect to observe in their
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blood glucose levels during fasting?
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r. Normal blood glucose levels as glycogen metabolism remains
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r. unaffected.

r . Higher blood glucose levels due to increased glycogen breakdown.
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, r . Fluctuating blood glucose levels due to erratic glycogen release.
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r . Lower blood glucose levels due to impaired glycogen mobilization.
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4. In a clinical scenario where a patient has a mutation that impairs the PI3K–Akt
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signaling pathway, what metabolic consequence might you expect?
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r. Enhanced glycogen synthesis r. r. r.




r. Increased insulin sensitivity r. r.




r . Increased lipolysis r.




r . Decreased glucose uptake by cells r. r. r. r.




5. What is the primary mechanism that increases glucose absorption at high
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luminal glucose levels?
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r . Activation of GLUT5 r. r.




r. Inhibition of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase r. r. r.




r. Inhibition of SGLT1 r. r.




r . Recruitment of apical GLUT2 r. r. r.




6. Describe how insulin influences glucose metabolism in muscle tissue.
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r . Insulin only affects fat metabolism in muscle tissue.
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r . Insulin promotes glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscle
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r. tissue.

r . Insulin inhibits glucose uptake in muscle tissue.
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r. Insulin has no effect on muscle tissue.
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7. If a patient has a genetic mutation that results in non-functional sucrase, what
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dietary recommendations would be most appropriate?
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, Increase sugar intake to r. r. r.


compensate.
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r. Avoid foods high in sucrose. r. r. r. r.




r . Consume more protein-rich foods. r. r. r.




r . Increase intake of complex carbohydrates. r. r. r. r.




8. Describe the gastrointestinal symptoms that may arise from lactase
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deficiency.
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r . Symptoms include constipation and weight gain due to lactose r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



r. absorption.

r . Symptoms include fatigue and headache due to low blood sugar. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.




r. Symptoms include bloating, diarrhea, and gas due to undigested r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



r. lactose.

r. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting due to excess enzyme r. r. r. r. r. r. r. r.



production.
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9. If a patient has insulin resistance, how might their skeletal muscle's use of
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glucose after a meal differ from that of a healthy individual?
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r . No change in glucose utilization
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r. Reduced glycogen synthesis and glycolysis r. r. r. r. r.




Increased glycogen synthesis and glycolysis
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Increased gluconeogenesis
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10. Describe the role of apical GLUT2 in glucose absorption under conditions of
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high luminal glucose.
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r .Apical GLUT2 facilitates increased glucose absorption when
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luminal glucose levels are high.
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r . Apical GLUT2 is only active at low glucose concentrations.
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, Apical GLUT2 decreases glucose absorption by competing with
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SGLT1.
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r. Apical GLUT2 is involved in the secretion of glucose into the
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bloodstream.
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11. Describe the role of GLUT4 in insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal
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muscle.
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r. GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane allows for increased
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glucose uptake in response to insulin.
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r. GLUT4 is synthesized in response to insulin and remains in the
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cytoplasm.
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r. GLUT4 prevents glucose from entering the cell when insulin levels are
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low.
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r. GLUT4 is involved in the breakdown of glycogen rather than glucose
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uptake.
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12. In a clinical scenario, if a patient presents with elevated plasma glucose
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levels and glucose is detected in their urine, what physiological mechanism
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is likely responsible for this observation?
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r . Insulin resistance is causing increased glucose uptake by the kidneys.
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r. The renal threshold for glucose reabsorption has been surpassed,
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leading to glucose excretion in urine.
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r . The kidneys are actively secreting glucose into the urine despite
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normal plasma levels.
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r . The liver is overproducing glucose, leading to its presence in urine.
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13. In a clinical scenario where a patient has insulin resistance, what effect
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would this have on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?
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