PHIL 347 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - 100% VERIFIED -
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The ANSWER to the logical dilemma of evil Both theists and atheists believe
that evil exists in the world. God, who is all-knowing, is aware that evil exists
and that both good and powerful people could put an end to it. If there is evil,
none of the three can remain.
Defense of free will: ANSWER God created free beings in order to maximize
the kindness in the world. Being free entails having the ability to choose to
conduct wicked deeds, which some of us do. This upholds God's kindness since
he made the best world possible by granting us freedom. It also upholds God's
wisdom and authority because he is aware of evil and has the ability to prevent
it while still wanting to preserve our freedom. The problem with this is that it
just concentrates on moral evil, which is evil that people intentionally commit.
The problem of natural evils like earthquakes is not solved by this.
Epicurus Restated: ANSWER 1) God can eradicate all evil if he is all-
powerful.
2) If God is all-powerful, he would want to eradicate all evil.
3) However, there is Evil 4C) Therefore, it is not true that God is all-powerful
and benevolent.
Epicurus and the issue of evil: God is either
1) Wills but can't
2) Capable and unwilling
3) Not able or willing
4) He is capable and willing.
If (1) He is weak, that is not a quality of God.
If (2) He is jealous, that is not a quality of God.
If (3) He is weak and jealous, that is not a quality of God
If (4) is the only option that God can accept, where do evils come from, and
why doesn't God eradicate them?
Mackie Restated: 1) God is all-powerful
2) God is entirely good
3) There Is Evil
4) To the greatest extent possible, goodness always eradicates (prevents the
, occurrence of) evil.
5) The capabilities of an omnipotent entity are limitless.
6) Therefore, a good, all-powerful creature totally eradicates evil.
7) Contradiction
Trans-World Depravity: ANSWER Think about all hypothetical (not real)
universes where you consistently make the right decision.
There will be a portion of the world in each of them that claims you were free to
decide whether to do something good or bad, but it doesn't specify whether you
did so.
You would make the incorrect decision if that subpart were genuine (in the real
world).
Plantinga's objection (who philosopher made this claim?) - ANSWER 1) It is
feasible for humans to freely do only good in certain planets.
2) Only works if the idea that God's omnibenevolence implies that God would
stop all evil is part of conventional theism.
ANSWER to Mackie's Logical Argument from Evil: Planting as Free Will
Defense He wishes to provide a cause-and-effect explanation for the 1-3 proof.
He must continue to be consistent with 1 and 2, which together entail 3. He uses
Trans World Depravity to do this.
1) There is an all-powerful, all-good God.
2) It's possible that trans global depravity affects everyone.
3) God creates a morally upright universe 4C) Evil is real.
Planting as Quantitative Free Will Defense: 1. There is a perfectly fine God
2. Everyone may have TWD
3. God creates a world that is as good and evil as this one; perhaps this is the
best possible world.
4. There is a lot of wickedness in our world.
--Plantinga is making the assumption that, regardless of the exact amount and
proportion of good and evil, it is consistent with God's goodness to actualize
whatever world has the greatest amount and proportion of both.
Planting as Extended Defense of Free Will: ANSWER 1) There is an All-
Powerful God
2) Potentially TWD
3) God creates both good and evil things in the earth.
4) There is a lot of evil in the world.
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The ANSWER to the logical dilemma of evil Both theists and atheists believe
that evil exists in the world. God, who is all-knowing, is aware that evil exists
and that both good and powerful people could put an end to it. If there is evil,
none of the three can remain.
Defense of free will: ANSWER God created free beings in order to maximize
the kindness in the world. Being free entails having the ability to choose to
conduct wicked deeds, which some of us do. This upholds God's kindness since
he made the best world possible by granting us freedom. It also upholds God's
wisdom and authority because he is aware of evil and has the ability to prevent
it while still wanting to preserve our freedom. The problem with this is that it
just concentrates on moral evil, which is evil that people intentionally commit.
The problem of natural evils like earthquakes is not solved by this.
Epicurus Restated: ANSWER 1) God can eradicate all evil if he is all-
powerful.
2) If God is all-powerful, he would want to eradicate all evil.
3) However, there is Evil 4C) Therefore, it is not true that God is all-powerful
and benevolent.
Epicurus and the issue of evil: God is either
1) Wills but can't
2) Capable and unwilling
3) Not able or willing
4) He is capable and willing.
If (1) He is weak, that is not a quality of God.
If (2) He is jealous, that is not a quality of God.
If (3) He is weak and jealous, that is not a quality of God
If (4) is the only option that God can accept, where do evils come from, and
why doesn't God eradicate them?
Mackie Restated: 1) God is all-powerful
2) God is entirely good
3) There Is Evil
4) To the greatest extent possible, goodness always eradicates (prevents the
, occurrence of) evil.
5) The capabilities of an omnipotent entity are limitless.
6) Therefore, a good, all-powerful creature totally eradicates evil.
7) Contradiction
Trans-World Depravity: ANSWER Think about all hypothetical (not real)
universes where you consistently make the right decision.
There will be a portion of the world in each of them that claims you were free to
decide whether to do something good or bad, but it doesn't specify whether you
did so.
You would make the incorrect decision if that subpart were genuine (in the real
world).
Plantinga's objection (who philosopher made this claim?) - ANSWER 1) It is
feasible for humans to freely do only good in certain planets.
2) Only works if the idea that God's omnibenevolence implies that God would
stop all evil is part of conventional theism.
ANSWER to Mackie's Logical Argument from Evil: Planting as Free Will
Defense He wishes to provide a cause-and-effect explanation for the 1-3 proof.
He must continue to be consistent with 1 and 2, which together entail 3. He uses
Trans World Depravity to do this.
1) There is an all-powerful, all-good God.
2) It's possible that trans global depravity affects everyone.
3) God creates a morally upright universe 4C) Evil is real.
Planting as Quantitative Free Will Defense: 1. There is a perfectly fine God
2. Everyone may have TWD
3. God creates a world that is as good and evil as this one; perhaps this is the
best possible world.
4. There is a lot of wickedness in our world.
--Plantinga is making the assumption that, regardless of the exact amount and
proportion of good and evil, it is consistent with God's goodness to actualize
whatever world has the greatest amount and proportion of both.
Planting as Extended Defense of Free Will: ANSWER 1) There is an All-
Powerful God
2) Potentially TWD
3) God creates both good and evil things in the earth.
4) There is a lot of evil in the world.
