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acts unethically at times but does so unintentionally
punishment
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intends to discourage undesirable behavior
examples of life stressors
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family events, economic difficulties, personal affairs
Xerox case
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- Firm's focus on diversity is based on an environment of inclusion within
which each person can achieve to their highest potential
- Xerox established an internal affirmative action office and began to hire a
significant number of minority employees
- Xerox placed emphasis on the advancement of minorities and females in
the 1980s, unbiased representation for women and minorities throughout
the organization at all times, including throughout times of restructuring,
initiated "flex time" and other HR policies to maintain a high level of
productivity and satisfaction among its workforce
- most diverse companies-companies are the most successful over time,
people with different backgrounds challenge each other's underlying
assumptions, freeing everybody from convention and orthodoxy
- (2007) Ursula Burns was named first African-American female president of
Xerox corporation
machiavellianism
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causes someone to view and manipulate others purely for personal gain
(capable of lying)
,perceptual distortions
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simplifying our perceptions can cause us to have inaccuracies in our
impressions causing
upward communication
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flow of messages from lower to higher organizational levels (keeps higher
levels informed about what lower level workers are doing)
stress
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state of tension in response of extraordinary demands, constraints, or
opportunities
affect
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, range of emotions and moods that people experience in their life context
locus of control
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extent to which a person feels able to control his or her own life
- internal: control their own fate or destiny
- external: beyond their control and determined by environmental forces
(fate)
noise
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describe any disturbance that disrupts communication and interferes with
transference of messages within the communication process
leadership process
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leadership occurs when leaders and followers work together to advance
change that benefits the mission and vision of the organization
downward communication