BIOL 319 COHN FINAL EXAMPREP
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ anatomically, what is a nerve composed of? Answer: -axon: transmits
signals AWAY from the cell body
-cell body (soma): location of the nucleus
-dendrites: receive the signals
ACD
◉ Afferent Answer: - Toward CNS; takes information from the
receptors to the brain
-sensory
◉ Efferent Answer: -Away from the CNS; takes information from the
brain to the receptors
-motor
-mostly a command to the muscles and glands
◉ Ganglion Answer: -Singular
-any GROUP of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
◉ Ganglia Answer: -plural
,-BUNDLE of ganglion
◉ How many cranial nerves are there? Answer: 12 pairs
◉ How many spinal nerves are there? Answer: 31 pairs
◉ Do they occur in pairs? If so, why? Answer: Yes. They come in pairs
so that signals can be sent to both the left and right sides of the body
◉ Olfactory nerve Answer: Nerve I. Cribiform plate; specifically the
Olfactory foramina
◉ optic nerve Answer: Nerve II. Optic foramen
◉ oculomotor nerve Answer: Nerve III. superior orbital fissure
◉ trochlear nerve Answer: nerve IV. Superior orbital fissure
◉ Trigeminal nerve Answer: Nerve V.
V1: opthalmic branch: Superior orbital fissure
V2: maxillary branch: Foramen Rotundum
V3. Mandibular branch: Foramen Ovale
◉ Abducens nerve Answer: Nerve VI. Superior orbital fissure
,◉ Facial nerve Answer: Nerve VII. Internal auditory canal &
stylomastoid foramen
◉ vestibulocochlear nerve Answer: Nerve VIII. Internal acoustic
meatus/internal auditory canal
◉ Glossopharyngeal nerve Answer: nerve IX. Jugular foramen
◉ Vagus Answer: Nerve X. Jugular foramen
◉ Spinal Accessory nerve Answer: nerve XI. Foramen Magnum &
jugular foramen
◉ hypoglossal Answer: Nerve XII. Hypoglossal canal
◉ Olfactory nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -sense of smell
-Afferent
◉ Optic nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: - sense of vision
-Afferent
◉ Oculomotor nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -extrinsic eye
muscles to rotate eye (4 out of 6 eye muscles)
, - Efferent
◉ trochlear nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -controls
superior oblique muscles; 5th muscle of the eye) allows you to see out of
your peripherals
-Efferent
◉ trigeminal nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -senses from all
of head to jaw to brain (Aff); muscles of chewing (mastication) are
controlled by this nerve (Eff)
-Afferent &Efferent
◉ abducens nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -controls lateral
rectus muscle (cross eyes)
-Efferent
◉ facial nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: - facial expressions
(not chewing) (Eff); sense of taste (gustation) from 2/3 of anterior
tongue (Aff)
-Afferent & Efferent
◉ vestibulocochlear nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -info
from inner eat to the brain; balance and sound
- afferent
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ anatomically, what is a nerve composed of? Answer: -axon: transmits
signals AWAY from the cell body
-cell body (soma): location of the nucleus
-dendrites: receive the signals
ACD
◉ Afferent Answer: - Toward CNS; takes information from the
receptors to the brain
-sensory
◉ Efferent Answer: -Away from the CNS; takes information from the
brain to the receptors
-motor
-mostly a command to the muscles and glands
◉ Ganglion Answer: -Singular
-any GROUP of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
◉ Ganglia Answer: -plural
,-BUNDLE of ganglion
◉ How many cranial nerves are there? Answer: 12 pairs
◉ How many spinal nerves are there? Answer: 31 pairs
◉ Do they occur in pairs? If so, why? Answer: Yes. They come in pairs
so that signals can be sent to both the left and right sides of the body
◉ Olfactory nerve Answer: Nerve I. Cribiform plate; specifically the
Olfactory foramina
◉ optic nerve Answer: Nerve II. Optic foramen
◉ oculomotor nerve Answer: Nerve III. superior orbital fissure
◉ trochlear nerve Answer: nerve IV. Superior orbital fissure
◉ Trigeminal nerve Answer: Nerve V.
V1: opthalmic branch: Superior orbital fissure
V2: maxillary branch: Foramen Rotundum
V3. Mandibular branch: Foramen Ovale
◉ Abducens nerve Answer: Nerve VI. Superior orbital fissure
,◉ Facial nerve Answer: Nerve VII. Internal auditory canal &
stylomastoid foramen
◉ vestibulocochlear nerve Answer: Nerve VIII. Internal acoustic
meatus/internal auditory canal
◉ Glossopharyngeal nerve Answer: nerve IX. Jugular foramen
◉ Vagus Answer: Nerve X. Jugular foramen
◉ Spinal Accessory nerve Answer: nerve XI. Foramen Magnum &
jugular foramen
◉ hypoglossal Answer: Nerve XII. Hypoglossal canal
◉ Olfactory nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -sense of smell
-Afferent
◉ Optic nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: - sense of vision
-Afferent
◉ Oculomotor nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -extrinsic eye
muscles to rotate eye (4 out of 6 eye muscles)
, - Efferent
◉ trochlear nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -controls
superior oblique muscles; 5th muscle of the eye) allows you to see out of
your peripherals
-Efferent
◉ trigeminal nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -senses from all
of head to jaw to brain (Aff); muscles of chewing (mastication) are
controlled by this nerve (Eff)
-Afferent &Efferent
◉ abducens nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -controls lateral
rectus muscle (cross eyes)
-Efferent
◉ facial nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: - facial expressions
(not chewing) (Eff); sense of taste (gustation) from 2/3 of anterior
tongue (Aff)
-Afferent & Efferent
◉ vestibulocochlear nerve function and effect on CNS Answer: -info
from inner eat to the brain; balance and sound
- afferent
