BIOL 319 COHN FINAL REVIEW 2026
TEST BANK TESTED QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What structures compose compact bone? Answer: Microscopic
cylindrical structures called osteons (Haversian systems).
◉ Where is compact bone primarily located? Answer: In the diaphysis
(shaft) of long bones.
◉ What are the main functions of compact bone? Answer: Provides
structural integrity, supports body weight, and resists compressive
forces.
◉ What is the periosteum? Answer: A tough fibrous membrane covering
the outer surface of bones.
◉ What are the two layers of the periosteum? Answer: The outer fibrous
layer and the inner cellular (cambium) layer.
◉ What is the function of the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum?
Answer: Provides structural integrity, protection, and serves as an
attachment point for tendons and ligaments.
, ◉ What is the role of the inner cellular layer of the periosteum? Answer:
Contains osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts for bone growth and
repair.
◉ How is the periosteum anchored to compact bone? Answer: By
Sharpey's fibers (perforating fibers) that penetrate into the bone matrix.
◉ What is appositional growth? Answer: The process where new bone
tissue is added to the outside of the bone, allowing it to grow in width.
◉ What is the significance of the periosteum in fracture repair? Answer:
Osteoprogenitor cells in the cambium layer proliferate and differentiate
into osteoblasts to form a bony callus.
◉ What is spongy bone also known as? Answer: Cancellous bone or
trabecular bone.
◉ Where is spongy bone found in flat bones? Answer: Referred to as
diploë, sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.
◉ What fills the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone? Answer:
Red bone marrow, which is vital for hematopoiesis (blood cell
production).
TEST BANK TESTED QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What structures compose compact bone? Answer: Microscopic
cylindrical structures called osteons (Haversian systems).
◉ Where is compact bone primarily located? Answer: In the diaphysis
(shaft) of long bones.
◉ What are the main functions of compact bone? Answer: Provides
structural integrity, supports body weight, and resists compressive
forces.
◉ What is the periosteum? Answer: A tough fibrous membrane covering
the outer surface of bones.
◉ What are the two layers of the periosteum? Answer: The outer fibrous
layer and the inner cellular (cambium) layer.
◉ What is the function of the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum?
Answer: Provides structural integrity, protection, and serves as an
attachment point for tendons and ligaments.
, ◉ What is the role of the inner cellular layer of the periosteum? Answer:
Contains osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts for bone growth and
repair.
◉ How is the periosteum anchored to compact bone? Answer: By
Sharpey's fibers (perforating fibers) that penetrate into the bone matrix.
◉ What is appositional growth? Answer: The process where new bone
tissue is added to the outside of the bone, allowing it to grow in width.
◉ What is the significance of the periosteum in fracture repair? Answer:
Osteoprogenitor cells in the cambium layer proliferate and differentiate
into osteoblasts to form a bony callus.
◉ What is spongy bone also known as? Answer: Cancellous bone or
trabecular bone.
◉ Where is spongy bone found in flat bones? Answer: Referred to as
diploë, sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.
◉ What fills the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone? Answer:
Red bone marrow, which is vital for hematopoiesis (blood cell
production).
