IVY TECH APHY 101 FINAL EXAM – 2026/2027 LATEST EDITION

IVY TECH APHY 101 FINAL EXAM –
2026/2027 LATEST EDITION

Student Name: _________________________
Date: _________________________
Total Points: 150 (approx. 1–2 points per question)



SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (1–75)

Select the best answer. Each option includes a rationale.

1. Which level of structural organization is the simplest?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Chemical
d) Cellular

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: c) Chemical** - a) Tissue – Incorrect;
tissues are composed of cells. - b) Organ – Incorrect; organs are made of multiple tissues. - **c)
Chemical – Correct; atoms and molecules are the simplest level.** - d) Cellular – Incorrect; cells are
made of chemicals. </details>

2. The sagittal plane divides the body into:
a) Superior and inferior parts
b) Anterior and posterior parts
c) Right and left parts
d) Proximal and distal parts

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: c) Right and left parts** - a)
Superior/inferior – Transverse plane. - b) Anterior/posterior – Coronal (frontal) plane. - **c) Right/left –
Sagittal plane (midsagittal = equal halves).** - d) Proximal/distal – Terms of direction, not a plane.
</details>

3. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating blood volume and electrolyte balance?
a) Endocrine
b) Urinary
c) Respiratory
d) Cardiovascular

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) Urinary** - a) Endocrine –
Hormones regulate but indirectly; kidneys are main effectors. - **b) Urinary – Kidneys adjust blood

,volume and electrolyte composition.** - c) Respiratory – Gas exchange, acid-base balance (CO₂). - d)
Cardiovascular – Transports, but does not regulate volume directly. </details>

4. Homeostasis is best defined as:
a) A constant internal environment
b) A dynamic state of equilibrium within limits
c) The ability to avoid external changes
d) A fixed set point never changing

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) A dynamic state of equilibrium
within limits** - a) Constant – Not truly constant; variables fluctuate. - **b) Dynamic equilibrium –
Correct; physiological variables vary around a set point.** - c) Avoid external changes – Incorrect;
homeostasis responds to changes. - d) Fixed set point – Set points can change (e.g., fever). </details>

5. Which feedback mechanism amplifies a change?
a) Negative feedback
b) Positive feedback
c) Feedforward
d) Homeostatic imbalance

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) Positive feedback** - a) Negative –
Reduces change (e.g., temperature regulation). - **b) Positive – Amplifies change (e.g., childbirth, blood
clotting).** - c) Feedforward – Anticipatory response. - d) Imbalance – Disease state, not a mechanism.
</details>

6. The thoracic cavity contains the:
a) Liver and stomach
b) Heart and lungs
c) Brain and spinal cord
d) Kidneys and pancreas

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) Heart and lungs** - a)
Liver/stomach – Abdominopelvic cavity. - **b) Heart/lungs – Thoracic cavity (pericardial and pleural
cavities).** - c) Brain/spinal cord – Dorsal cavity. - d) Kidneys/pancreas – Retroperitoneal/abdominal.
</details>

7. Which term means “toward the midline”?
a) Lateral
b) Intermediate
c) Medial
d) Ipsilateral

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: c) Medial** - a) Lateral – Away from
midline. - b) Intermediate – Between medial and lateral. - **c) Medial – Toward midline.** - d)
Ipsilateral – Same side. </details>

8. A cut dividing the body into equal left and right halves is called:
a) Parasagittal

, b) Midsagittal
c) Coronal
d) Oblique

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) Midsagittal** - a) Parasagittal –
Unequal halves. - **b) Midsagittal – Equal left/right halves.** - c) Coronal – Front/back. - d) Oblique –
Diagonal. </details>

9. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?
a) Blood clotting
b) Uterine contractions during labor
c) Regulation of blood glucose by insulin
d) Generation of action potentials

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: c) Regulation of blood glucose by
insulin** - a) Clotting – Positive feedback (amplifies until clot forms). - b) Labor – Positive feedback
(oxytocin increases contractions). - **c) Blood glucose – Negative feedback; insulin lowers glucose →
reduces stimulus.** - d) Action potentials – All-or-none, not homeostatic feedback. </details>

10. The anatomical position is characterized by:
a) Palms facing backward
b) Palms facing forward, thumbs lateral
c) Lying face down
d) Arms crossed over chest

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: b) Palms facing forward, thumbs
lateral** - a) Backward – That’s prone with supination? No, anatomical position palms anterior. - **b)
Palms forward, thumbs lateral – Correct.** - c) Face down – Prone position. - d) Arms crossed – Not
standard anatomical position. </details>

(Continue similarly for questions 11–75 – due to length, I will show a representative sample of 20 more in
this format, then summarize the remaining question types.)

11. Which organelle produces ATP?
a) Ribosome
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondrion
d) Golgi apparatus

<details> <summary>Answer & Rationale</summary> **Answer: c) Mitochondrion** - a) Ribosome –
Protein synthesis. - b) Lysosome – Digestion. - **c) Mitochondrion – Cellular respiration, ATP
production.** - d) Golgi – Modifies and packages proteins. </details>

12. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable because of:
a) Phospholipid bilayer
b) Cholesterol
c) Membrane proteins
d) All of the above