BIO 201- Midterm Exam Study Guide
Newest 2025/2026 Actual Exam
anatomy - 💕✔✔✔study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts
physiology - 💕✔✔✔study of the functions of the human body and its parts
List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - 💕✔✔✔subatomic particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
cell - 💕✔✔✔-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue - 💕✔✔✔layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ - 💕✔✔✔group of different tissues with a function
,system/ organ system - 💕✔✔✔group of organs with common function
homeostasis - 💕✔✔✔maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism - 💕✔✔✔all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
positive feedback loop - 💕✔✔✔-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood clotting
negative feedback loop - 💕✔✔✔-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors? - 💕✔✔✔1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water - 💕✔✔✔-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
, 2) Food - 💕✔✔✔-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
3) Oxygen (gas) - 💕✔✔✔-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
4) Heat - 💕✔✔✔-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure - 💕✔✔✔-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism. - 💕✔✔✔1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor - 💕✔✔✔detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center - 💕✔✔✔decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector - 💕✔✔✔muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary
change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs - 💕✔✔✔integumentary
Newest 2025/2026 Actual Exam
anatomy - 💕✔✔✔study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts
physiology - 💕✔✔✔study of the functions of the human body and its parts
List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - 💕✔✔✔subatomic particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
cell - 💕✔✔✔-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue - 💕✔✔✔layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ - 💕✔✔✔group of different tissues with a function
,system/ organ system - 💕✔✔✔group of organs with common function
homeostasis - 💕✔✔✔maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism - 💕✔✔✔all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
positive feedback loop - 💕✔✔✔-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood clotting
negative feedback loop - 💕✔✔✔-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors? - 💕✔✔✔1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water - 💕✔✔✔-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
, 2) Food - 💕✔✔✔-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
3) Oxygen (gas) - 💕✔✔✔-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
4) Heat - 💕✔✔✔-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure - 💕✔✔✔-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism. - 💕✔✔✔1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor - 💕✔✔✔detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center - 💕✔✔✔decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector - 💕✔✔✔muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary
change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs - 💕✔✔✔integumentary
