HCD 303 EXAM LATEST VERSION EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED A+

HCD 303 EXAM LATEST VERSION EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED A+ Access - Answer- (n) approach or admittance to places, persons, things; an increase; (v) to get at, obtain -US has less access to insurance -US has less access to primary care -US has much more access to latest expensive tech. -huge variance in technology use across US Cost - Answer- health expenditures -US spends significantly more per capita -significant variability in the cost of care across the US -high spending does not translate into better outcomes Universal coverage - Answer- Health care systems that provide access to health care for all legal residents of a nation. System - Answer- -a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole, in particular. -set of principles or procedures according to which something is done, an organized scheme or method Quality - Answer- -patient safety -patient outcomes -patient satisfaction *to improve overall health, need to focus upon incentives that influence personal behaviors *huge variability Social solidarity - Answer- belief that government is obliged to provide a wide range of social benefits to all citizens including medical care, old age pensions, unemployment insurance, disability payments, maternity benefits, and other forms of social welfare Globalization - Answer- -A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and government of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Centralized - Answer- concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority Decentralized - Answer- transfer (authority) from central to local government. Federal - Answer- A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Regional - Answer- state government run Public Health Insurance - Answer- Federal and state government health programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP, TRICARE) available to eligible individuals. Private Health Insurance - Answer- health insurance that can be purchased from private insurance companies to provide coverage for health care expenses Copayment - Answer- a fixed fee paid by the patient at the time of an office visit Coinsurance - Answer- the sharing of expenses by the policyholder and the insurance company Deductible - Answer- Amount you must pay before you begin receiving any benefits from your insurance company Premium - Answer- Amount you pay monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually to purchase different types of insurance Sickness funds - Answer- German insurance programs offered by non-profit groups to serve a given occupation, geographic location or employer Safety Nets - Answer- government programs that protect people experiencing unfavorable economic conditions cost sharing - Answer- Provision of a healthcare insurance policy that requires policyholders to pay for a portion of their healthcare services; a cost-control mechanism. subsidy - Answer- a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive. generalized reciprocity - Answer- giving and receiving goods with no immediate or specific return expected Subsidarity - Answer- The moral principle that large organizations or governments should not interfere with, or take over, responsibilities that can be administered by individuals and local organizations, but rather should support them, always with a focus on the common good. Health Financing - Answer- -Includes collecting revenues, pooling financial risk, and allocating revenue Healthcare spending - Answer- about 15% of GDP in US goes towards healthcare (that's a lot of money, because we have a larger economy than other countries, and are also spending a larger proportion) fee-for-service - Answer- a system under which doctors and hospitals receive a payment for each service they provide Per diem payment - Answer- Type of prospective payment method in which the third-party payer reimburses the provider a fixed rate for each day a covered member is hospitalized. pay for performance - Answer- a strategy using financial incentives to reward providers for achieving a range of payer objectives, including delivery efficiencies, submission of data and measures to the payer, and improved quality and patient safety salary - Answer- a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly or biweekly basis but often expressed as an annual sum, made by an employer to an employee, especially a professional or white-collar worker. Bundled Payments - Answer- a model of reimbursement in which single payments are made to multiple providers involved in an episode of care, creating a sense of shared accountability among providers. Capitation - Answer- System of payment used by managed care plans in which physicians and hospitals are paid a fixed, per capita amount for each patient enrolled over a stated period regardless of the type and number of services provided; reimbursement to the hospital on a per-member/per-month basis to cover costs for the members of the plan. Shared Vision - Answer- A common goal for more than one individual Shared Reality - Answer- A reality that people have AGREED to share. Attitudes - Answer- An opinion or general feeling about something Population Health Management - Answer- The concept that the health of all individuals is improved when the health of the entire population is improved nudging techniques - Answer- primary prevention - Answer- Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. secondary prevention - Answer- -focuses on early identification of individuals or communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status -examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail tertiary prevention - Answer- -aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning -examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury