HCD 3 MOD D Exam Newest 2025/2026 Actual Exam Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+||Brand New Version!!

HCD 3 MOD D Exam Newest 2025/2026 Actual Exam Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+||Brand New Version!! Assessment of HIV/AIDS - Answer- Risk Factors: - unprotected sex, multiple partners, occupational exposure - perinatal, blood transfusion, IV drug use, older adults Expected FIndings: - often asymptomatic during initial phase of infection - may have flu/mono symptoms - chills, rash, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, weakness, fatigue headache, sore throat, night sweats Opportunistic infection in AIDS - Answer- CD4 200 = decreased immune regulation leading to uncontrolled growth of bacteria/virus/fungus in body = disease/disability/death Complications/Prevention: flu & pneumonia vaccines, safe sex, food/water safety, skin & mucous membrane integrity, prevent travelers diarrhea, prophylactic meds - Pneumocytosis carinii pneumonia: dapsone & TMP-SMX - Mycobacterium avium: active infection @ death - Cervical cancer: may have cervial dysplasia, post coital bleeding,pain, edema, bleeding, lympadenopathy - Kaposis sarcoma: symmetrical bilat flat pink patches that turn dark on mouth, skin, head, neack, limbs, genitals, organs - Dementia complex: cognitive dysfunction, behavior changes, motor problems - Wasting syndrome: involuntary weight loss, chronic diarrhea, weakness, fever 30 days. replace testosterone, stimulate appetite w megestrol/dronabinal, human growth hormone (increase lean body mass) Lab Values in HIV/AIDS - Answer- - antibody, antigen, viral nucleic acid, virus in culture - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia - decreased platelets - CD4 counts S1: 500 or more S2: 499 - 200 S3: less than 200 = AIDS Plan of Care for HIV/AIDS - Answer- Prioritize Hypothesis (analysis) - nutritional imbalance, chronic fatigue, pain, impaired skin integrity, fluid imbalances, infection risk, psychosocial effects Goals - maintain or achieve specific target weight - monitor adverse effects of medications - use palliative pain reduction techniques (massage) - use resources for support & mental health Multipdisciplinary - HIV testing & counseling, nutriton support, spiritual/psychosocial support, economic support - ongoing prevention & adherence Post Exposure Prophylaxis within 72 hours ? Goals of Care with HIV/AIDS - Answer- maintain health initiate & maintain antiretroviral tx - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors - Protease Inhibitors: prevent assembly/release - NNRTIs: bind directly to teverse transcriptase - Entry Inhibitors: prevent HIV from entering T-cells - adverse effects: appetite/weight loss, weight redistibution, NVD, high cholesterol, fatigue, rash, mood change, insomnia - major cause of resistance is sub therapeutic dosing r/t failure to adhere due to dosing, adverse effects, costs, acess prevent opportunistic infection - baseline & q 6-12 mo CBC & CMP lab draws - annual screening (TB, pregnancy, Pap smears, STDs, Hepatitis, testing for pathogens, CD4 & Viral load testing education: Evaluation of effectiveness of therapies of HIV/AIDS - Answer- Lab findings - decreased HIV RNA (viral load) in blood - increased # of T cells Assessment findings - aprropriate clinical response - absence of opportunistic infections Upper GI bleed - Answer- - hematoemesis, coffe-ground emesis, melena - hematochezia if brisk - upper gi endoscopy (EGD) as soon as stable - laparotomy for pt with torrential bleeding Lower GI bleed - Answer- - hematochezia - sigmoidoscopy & colonoscopy (must be stable) - active brisk bleeding = angiography (bleed 0.5 mL/min to be positive) Health History & Labs for GI bleed - Answer- - history: PUD? surgery? NSAIDS? malignancies? bleeding disorders? bowel changes? fam hx? liver/ETOH? - physical exam: vital signs (increased HR), ABCDs, elimination - labs: hgb/hct, cmp, coags, lactate, cross/type Priority interventions for GI bleed - Answer- - emergency treatment & resuscitation (2 large bore IVs, run labs, fluid resuscitation, NG tube placement, protect airway) - determine source of bleeding & treat - assess for recurrent bleeding - administer fluid volume replacement - monitor vitals, fall & bleeding precautions - radionuclide scanning (can detect bleeding if too slow to be detected on angiography) - multidetector row CT & capsule endoscopy + double ballon enteroscopy for obscure GI bleeding Upper GI surgery indications - massive bleeding, continued bleeding through 4 units of transfusion, endoscopic stigmata, rebleeds, blood shortage Lower GI surgery indications - usually nenever require surgery - continued hemorrhage despite nonoperative attempts, 6 units transfused in 24 hr, refractory hemodynamic instability Assessment for Intestinal obstruction - Answer- - past medical hx and hx of events leading to seeking of care - asess pain characteristics & abdomen - auscultate bowel sounds (hyperactive above, absent below) complications: - alterations in clotting (DIC) - respiratory impairment (pneumonia, atelectasis, fluid shift) - skin breakdown (petechiae, q2 turns) - infection (urinary & peritonitis) - nutrition (monitor albumin) health history & diagnostics for intestinal obstruction - Answer- radiology: Xray, UGI/SBFT, air or barium enema, ultrasound, CT lab eval: electrolytes, liver enzymes increased, BUN/Cr increased, ABGs (ischemia = acidosis), CBC (increased h/h) nursing interventions for intestinal obstruction - Answer- - incomplete obstruction = medical management - NG tube/bowel rest, Foley to monitor UO - IV therapy for F&E, conservative pain control - broad spectrum antibiotics - resuscitation - Promote decompression and bowel rest - Promote peristalsis - Promoting euvolemic status pt teaching - bowel regime, avoid laxative, increase fluids & fiber - tomy care, dietary change to reduce gas Conservative vs Surgical treatments - Answer- Indications for conservative treatment - previous surgery, incomplete obstruction, advanced malignancy, uncertain diagnosis - resuscitation, NGT/miller-abbott/cantor, serial exams, evaluation of bowel viability Indications for surgery - peritonitis, perforation, irreducible hernia, palpable mass, virgin abdomen, closed loop Types of Viral Hepatitis - Answer- A - fecal/oral B - blood/body fluids C - blood/body fluids D - must have B first E - fecal/oral Types of Non-viral hepatitis - Answer- autoimmune alcoholic drug-induced