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HESI FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE TEST UNIT 1:
FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE | 150+ QUESTIONS &
RATIONALES | GRADED A+
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Section | Topic | Questions |
| 1 | Nursing Process (ADPIE) | 15 |
| 2 | Legal & Ethical Issues | 15 |
| 3 | Communication & Documentation | 15 |
| 4 | Infection Control & Safety | 20 |
| 5 | Vital Signs & Physical Assessment | 15 |
| 6 | Hygiene, Mobility & Elimination | 15 |
| 7 | Comfort, Pain, Sleep & Nutrition | 15 |
| 8 | Wound Care & Medication Administration | 20 |
| 9 | Critical Thinking & Prioritization | 10 |
| 10 | Case Studies (NGN-style) | 10 |
| **TOTAL** | | **150** |
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SECTION 1 – NURSING PROCESS (ADPIE) (15 Questions)
**1. A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain. Which question is
most appropriate to obtain subjective data?**
- A) “On a scale of 0 to 10, what is your pain level?”
- B) “Can you describe the quality of your pain?”
- C) “Is your pain sharp or dull?”
- D) “Does the pain radiate down your arm?”
** Correct Answer: B – “Describe the quality”**
**Rationale:** Subjective data = client’s verbal description (quality,
location, intensity, timing). Objective data = measurable (vital signs,
facial expression). Pain scale is objective rating.
---
**2. A nurse identifies that a client’s blood pressure is elevated, and the
client reports a headache. This is an example of which step of the
nursing process?**
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Planning
- D) Evaluation
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** Correct Answer: A – Assessment**
**Rationale:** Assessment = collecting data (subjective + objective).
Diagnosis = identifying the problem (e.g., “Acute pain related to
hypertension”). Planning = goals/interventions. Evaluation = outcome
measurement.
---
**3. Which nursing diagnosis is written correctly?**
- A) “Pain related to surgical incision as evidenced by client stating pain
is 8/10”
- B) “Impaired skin integrity related to immobility as evidenced by stage
2 pressure injury on sacrum”
- C) “Risk for infection”
- D) “Potential for falls”
** Correct Answer: B – Impaired skin integrity…”**
**Rationale:** Correct PES format: Problem (NANDA label) +
Etiology (related to) + Signs/Symptoms (as evidenced by). “Risk for”
diagnoses have no “as evidenced by” because no signs yet.
---
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**4. A nurse sets a goal for a client with impaired physical mobility to
“walk to the bathroom without assistance within 3 days.” This is an
example of which step?**
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Planning
- D) Implementation
** Correct Answer: C – Planning**
**Rationale:** Planning = setting measurable, realistic, time-limited
goals. Implementation = carrying out interventions. Evaluation =
comparing outcomes to goals.
---
**5. A client’s goal was to “ambulate 50 feet without shortness of breath
by day 2 post-op.” On day 2, the client ambulates 30 feet and has mild
dyspnea. The nurse should:**
- A) Modify the goal
- B) Discharge the client
- C) Increase oxygen
- D) Remove the goal from the plan
HESI FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE TEST UNIT 1:
FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE | 150+ QUESTIONS &
RATIONALES | GRADED A+
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Section | Topic | Questions |
| 1 | Nursing Process (ADPIE) | 15 |
| 2 | Legal & Ethical Issues | 15 |
| 3 | Communication & Documentation | 15 |
| 4 | Infection Control & Safety | 20 |
| 5 | Vital Signs & Physical Assessment | 15 |
| 6 | Hygiene, Mobility & Elimination | 15 |
| 7 | Comfort, Pain, Sleep & Nutrition | 15 |
| 8 | Wound Care & Medication Administration | 20 |
| 9 | Critical Thinking & Prioritization | 10 |
| 10 | Case Studies (NGN-style) | 10 |
| **TOTAL** | | **150** |
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SECTION 1 – NURSING PROCESS (ADPIE) (15 Questions)
**1. A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain. Which question is
most appropriate to obtain subjective data?**
- A) “On a scale of 0 to 10, what is your pain level?”
- B) “Can you describe the quality of your pain?”
- C) “Is your pain sharp or dull?”
- D) “Does the pain radiate down your arm?”
** Correct Answer: B – “Describe the quality”**
**Rationale:** Subjective data = client’s verbal description (quality,
location, intensity, timing). Objective data = measurable (vital signs,
facial expression). Pain scale is objective rating.
---
**2. A nurse identifies that a client’s blood pressure is elevated, and the
client reports a headache. This is an example of which step of the
nursing process?**
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Planning
- D) Evaluation
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** Correct Answer: A – Assessment**
**Rationale:** Assessment = collecting data (subjective + objective).
Diagnosis = identifying the problem (e.g., “Acute pain related to
hypertension”). Planning = goals/interventions. Evaluation = outcome
measurement.
---
**3. Which nursing diagnosis is written correctly?**
- A) “Pain related to surgical incision as evidenced by client stating pain
is 8/10”
- B) “Impaired skin integrity related to immobility as evidenced by stage
2 pressure injury on sacrum”
- C) “Risk for infection”
- D) “Potential for falls”
** Correct Answer: B – Impaired skin integrity…”**
**Rationale:** Correct PES format: Problem (NANDA label) +
Etiology (related to) + Signs/Symptoms (as evidenced by). “Risk for”
diagnoses have no “as evidenced by” because no signs yet.
---
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**4. A nurse sets a goal for a client with impaired physical mobility to
“walk to the bathroom without assistance within 3 days.” This is an
example of which step?**
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Planning
- D) Implementation
** Correct Answer: C – Planning**
**Rationale:** Planning = setting measurable, realistic, time-limited
goals. Implementation = carrying out interventions. Evaluation =
comparing outcomes to goals.
---
**5. A client’s goal was to “ambulate 50 feet without shortness of breath
by day 2 post-op.” On day 2, the client ambulates 30 feet and has mild
dyspnea. The nurse should:**
- A) Modify the goal
- B) Discharge the client
- C) Increase oxygen
- D) Remove the goal from the plan
