Fundamentals Final Test exam 75 questions and 100%
verified Answers 2025/2026
1. A nurse is caring for a client with an infected wound. Which action is the priority when
removing a saturated dressing?
A. Place in regular trash
B. Wrap in paper towel
C. Enclose in plastic bag and discard in bedside trash
D. Dispose in biohazard container
Answer: D. Dispose in biohazard container
Explanation: Infected or heavily contaminated dressings must be disposed of in biohazard waste
to prevent infection transmission.
2. A client is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which statement should be reported
to the provider?
A. Drinks 2 liters of water daily
B. Reports flank pain with urination
C. Had menstruation 2 days ago
D. Allergic to shellfish causing hives
Answer: D. Allergic to shellfish causing hives
Explanation: Iodine-based contrast may cross-react in clients with shellfish allergies and requires
provider awareness.
3. A nurse calculates IV infusion: 500 mL over 4 hours. What is the rate?
A. 100 mL/hr
B. 125 mL/hr
C. 150 mL/hr
D. 200 mL/hr
Answer: B. 125 mL/hr
Explanation: 500 ÷ 4 = 125 mL/hr.
4. Which finding in an older adult requires immediate attention?
A. Pruritus
B. Urinary hesitancy
C. Dysphagia
D. Dry mouth
,Answer: C. Dysphagia
Explanation: Dysphagia increases risk of aspiration and airway obstruction.
5. What is the first action when a fire is discovered in a patient room?
A. Activate alarm
B. Extinguish fire
C. Rescue patients
D. Close windows
Answer: C. Rescue patients
Explanation: RACE protocol prioritizes rescue first.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle twitching and tetany?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B. Hypocalcemia
Explanation: Low calcium increases neuromuscular excitability.
7. Which position is best for a patient experiencing dyspnea?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. High Fowler’s
D. Prone
Answer: C. High Fowler’s
Explanation: Upright position improves lung expansion.
8. A sterile field is contaminated when:
A. Nurse wears mask
B. Sterile object is above waist
C. Sterile package touches unsterile surface
D. Gloves are worn
Answer: C. Sterile package touches unsterile surface
Explanation: Contact with non-sterile surface breaks sterility.
, 9. Which lab value indicates infection?
A. WBC 4,000
B. WBC 7,000
C. WBC 15,000
D. WBC 3,500
Answer: C. WBC 15,000
Explanation: Elevated WBC suggests infection.
10. What is the correct method for hand hygiene?
A. 5 seconds rinse
B. Alcohol rub for visible soil
C. Soap and water with friction for 20 seconds
D. Gloves replace handwashing
Answer: C. Soap and water with friction for 20 seconds
Explanation: Mechanical friction removes microorganisms.
11. Which sign indicates hypoglycemia?
A. Fruity breath
B. Sweating and confusion
C. Slow pulse
D. Hypertension
Answer: B. Sweating and confusion
Explanation: Low blood sugar affects brain function.
12. A nurse is administering insulin. Which action is correct?
A. Shake vial vigorously
B. Inject at 45° always
C. Rotate injection sites
D. Massage after injection
Answer: C. Rotate injection sites
Explanation: Prevents lipodystrophy.
verified Answers 2025/2026
1. A nurse is caring for a client with an infected wound. Which action is the priority when
removing a saturated dressing?
A. Place in regular trash
B. Wrap in paper towel
C. Enclose in plastic bag and discard in bedside trash
D. Dispose in biohazard container
Answer: D. Dispose in biohazard container
Explanation: Infected or heavily contaminated dressings must be disposed of in biohazard waste
to prevent infection transmission.
2. A client is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which statement should be reported
to the provider?
A. Drinks 2 liters of water daily
B. Reports flank pain with urination
C. Had menstruation 2 days ago
D. Allergic to shellfish causing hives
Answer: D. Allergic to shellfish causing hives
Explanation: Iodine-based contrast may cross-react in clients with shellfish allergies and requires
provider awareness.
3. A nurse calculates IV infusion: 500 mL over 4 hours. What is the rate?
A. 100 mL/hr
B. 125 mL/hr
C. 150 mL/hr
D. 200 mL/hr
Answer: B. 125 mL/hr
Explanation: 500 ÷ 4 = 125 mL/hr.
4. Which finding in an older adult requires immediate attention?
A. Pruritus
B. Urinary hesitancy
C. Dysphagia
D. Dry mouth
,Answer: C. Dysphagia
Explanation: Dysphagia increases risk of aspiration and airway obstruction.
5. What is the first action when a fire is discovered in a patient room?
A. Activate alarm
B. Extinguish fire
C. Rescue patients
D. Close windows
Answer: C. Rescue patients
Explanation: RACE protocol prioritizes rescue first.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle twitching and tetany?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B. Hypocalcemia
Explanation: Low calcium increases neuromuscular excitability.
7. Which position is best for a patient experiencing dyspnea?
A. Supine
B. Trendelenburg
C. High Fowler’s
D. Prone
Answer: C. High Fowler’s
Explanation: Upright position improves lung expansion.
8. A sterile field is contaminated when:
A. Nurse wears mask
B. Sterile object is above waist
C. Sterile package touches unsterile surface
D. Gloves are worn
Answer: C. Sterile package touches unsterile surface
Explanation: Contact with non-sterile surface breaks sterility.
, 9. Which lab value indicates infection?
A. WBC 4,000
B. WBC 7,000
C. WBC 15,000
D. WBC 3,500
Answer: C. WBC 15,000
Explanation: Elevated WBC suggests infection.
10. What is the correct method for hand hygiene?
A. 5 seconds rinse
B. Alcohol rub for visible soil
C. Soap and water with friction for 20 seconds
D. Gloves replace handwashing
Answer: C. Soap and water with friction for 20 seconds
Explanation: Mechanical friction removes microorganisms.
11. Which sign indicates hypoglycemia?
A. Fruity breath
B. Sweating and confusion
C. Slow pulse
D. Hypertension
Answer: B. Sweating and confusion
Explanation: Low blood sugar affects brain function.
12. A nurse is administering insulin. Which action is correct?
A. Shake vial vigorously
B. Inject at 45° always
C. Rotate injection sites
D. Massage after injection
Answer: C. Rotate injection sites
Explanation: Prevents lipodystrophy.
