NR 324 Adult Health II - Renal and Urinary Disorders Study Guide 2026
|Chamberlain
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
condition is a common cause of this type of injury?
A. Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
D. Renal calculi
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
reduction in renal blood flow, such as hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to see in the oliguric
phase of AKI?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Decreased serum creatinine
Answer: C
Rationale: During the oliguric phase, the kidneys cannot excrete water, leading to fluid
retention, neck vein distention, and edema.
,3. A patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI. Which complication is the nurse’s
priority to monitor?
A. Hypervolemia
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
D. High serum creatinine
Answer: C
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can excrete waste but cannot concentrate
urine, leading to massive fluid loss and electrolyte depletion like sodium and potassium.
4. Which laboratory value is the most reliable indicator of kidney function in a
patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. Serum Potassium
B. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
C. Serum Sodium
D. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Answer: D
Rationale: GFR is the preferred method for evaluating kidney function and determines the
stage of CKD.
5. A patient with CKD has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. Which
medication should the nurse expect to administer first to protect the heart?
A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
B. Calcium gluconate IV
C. Regular insulin
D. Furosemide
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the myocardium and prevent
dysrhythmias in severe hyperkalemia.
, 6. What is the primary goal of administering Epoetin alfa to a patient with CKD?
A. To increase hemoglobin and hematocrit
B. To lower blood pressure
C. To bind dietary phosphorus
D. To prevent muscle cramps
Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, treating the anemia common
in CKD due to decreased erythropoietin production.
7. A nurse is teaching a patient with CKD about dietary restrictions. Which food
choice indicates the patient understands a low-potassium diet?
A. Bananas and oranges
B. Apples and blueberries
C. Spinach and potatoes
D. Tomatoes and avocados
Answer: B
Rationale: Apples and blueberries are low in potassium, whereas the other options are
high-potassium foods.
8. When should the nurse administer phosphate binders like Sevelamer
(Renagel) to a patient with CKD?
A. One hour before meals
B. Between meals
C. With each meal
D. At bedtime
Answer: C
Rationale: Phosphate binders must be taken with food to be effective in binding the
phosphorus present in the meal.
|Chamberlain
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
condition is a common cause of this type of injury?
A. Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
D. Renal calculi
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
reduction in renal blood flow, such as hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to see in the oliguric
phase of AKI?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Decreased serum creatinine
Answer: C
Rationale: During the oliguric phase, the kidneys cannot excrete water, leading to fluid
retention, neck vein distention, and edema.
,3. A patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI. Which complication is the nurse’s
priority to monitor?
A. Hypervolemia
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
D. High serum creatinine
Answer: C
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can excrete waste but cannot concentrate
urine, leading to massive fluid loss and electrolyte depletion like sodium and potassium.
4. Which laboratory value is the most reliable indicator of kidney function in a
patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. Serum Potassium
B. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
C. Serum Sodium
D. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Answer: D
Rationale: GFR is the preferred method for evaluating kidney function and determines the
stage of CKD.
5. A patient with CKD has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. Which
medication should the nurse expect to administer first to protect the heart?
A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
B. Calcium gluconate IV
C. Regular insulin
D. Furosemide
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the myocardium and prevent
dysrhythmias in severe hyperkalemia.
, 6. What is the primary goal of administering Epoetin alfa to a patient with CKD?
A. To increase hemoglobin and hematocrit
B. To lower blood pressure
C. To bind dietary phosphorus
D. To prevent muscle cramps
Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, treating the anemia common
in CKD due to decreased erythropoietin production.
7. A nurse is teaching a patient with CKD about dietary restrictions. Which food
choice indicates the patient understands a low-potassium diet?
A. Bananas and oranges
B. Apples and blueberries
C. Spinach and potatoes
D. Tomatoes and avocados
Answer: B
Rationale: Apples and blueberries are low in potassium, whereas the other options are
high-potassium foods.
8. When should the nurse administer phosphate binders like Sevelamer
(Renagel) to a patient with CKD?
A. One hour before meals
B. Between meals
C. With each meal
D. At bedtime
Answer: C
Rationale: Phosphate binders must be taken with food to be effective in binding the
phosphorus present in the meal.
