NR 324 Adult Health II Exam 5 Practice Questions 2026 |Chamberlain
College
1. A patient with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is in the oliguric phase. Which clinical
finding should the nurse expect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Urinary output of 1500 mL/day
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: A
Rationale: During the oliguric phase of AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading
to hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, occurs due to the inability to excrete acid
products.
2. A client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prescribed Sevelamer. What is
the primary purpose of this medication?
A. To increase serum calcium levels
B. To treat iron-deficiency anemia
C. To bind phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract
D. To lower blood pressure
Answer: C
Rationale: Sevelamer is a phosphate binder used in CKD patients to prevent
hyperphosphatemia by binding phosphorus in food within the GI tract.
,3. Which assessment finding is most suggestive of peritonitis in a patient
receiving peritoneal dialysis?
A. Clear dialysate outflow
B. Cloudy dialysate outflow
C. A palpable thrill over the catheter site
D. Occasional abdominal cramping during inflow
Answer: B
Rationale: Cloudy or opaque dialysate outflow is the earliest sign of peritonitis, often
accompanied by rebound tenderness and fever.
4. A patient undergoes a thyroidectomy. Which equipment is most critical to
have at the bedside postoperatively?
A. Chest tube kit
B. Incentive spirometer
C. Suture removal kit
D. Tracheostomy tray
Answer: D
Rationale: A tracheostomy tray is vital at the bedside because post-thyroidectomy patients
are at risk for airway obstruction due to edema or laryngeal nerve damage.
5. A client presents with a TSH level of 12 mU/L and a low T4 level. Which
condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Primary Hypothyroidism
C. Secondary Hypothyroidism
D. Thyroid Storm
Answer: B
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland fails to produce T4, causing the
pituitary to secrete high levels of TSH in an attempt to compensate.
, 6. Which clinical manifestation is expected in a patient diagnosed with Cushing’s
Syndrome?
A. Truncal obesity and moon face
B. Weight loss and cachexia
C. Hypotension
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome results from excessive cortisol, leading to fat redistribution
(truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump) and hyperglycemia.
7. A patient with Addison’s disease is admitted for an Addisonian crisis. What is
the priority nursing intervention?
A. Fluid resuscitation with Normal Saline and Corticosteroids
B. Administering insulin to lower blood glucose
C. Restricting sodium intake
D. Monitoring for hypernatremia
Answer: A
Rationale: Addisonian crisis is a life-threatening emergency characterized by hypotension
and electrolyte imbalances. Rapid IV fluid replacement and high-dose glucocorticoids are
essential.
8. A client is diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which finding should the
nurse anticipate?
A. Excessive thirst and large amounts of dilute urine
B. Low serum sodium
C. Specific gravity of 1.035
D. Weight gain and edema
Answer: A
College
1. A patient with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is in the oliguric phase. Which clinical
finding should the nurse expect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Urinary output of 1500 mL/day
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: A
Rationale: During the oliguric phase of AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading
to hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, occurs due to the inability to excrete acid
products.
2. A client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prescribed Sevelamer. What is
the primary purpose of this medication?
A. To increase serum calcium levels
B. To treat iron-deficiency anemia
C. To bind phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract
D. To lower blood pressure
Answer: C
Rationale: Sevelamer is a phosphate binder used in CKD patients to prevent
hyperphosphatemia by binding phosphorus in food within the GI tract.
,3. Which assessment finding is most suggestive of peritonitis in a patient
receiving peritoneal dialysis?
A. Clear dialysate outflow
B. Cloudy dialysate outflow
C. A palpable thrill over the catheter site
D. Occasional abdominal cramping during inflow
Answer: B
Rationale: Cloudy or opaque dialysate outflow is the earliest sign of peritonitis, often
accompanied by rebound tenderness and fever.
4. A patient undergoes a thyroidectomy. Which equipment is most critical to
have at the bedside postoperatively?
A. Chest tube kit
B. Incentive spirometer
C. Suture removal kit
D. Tracheostomy tray
Answer: D
Rationale: A tracheostomy tray is vital at the bedside because post-thyroidectomy patients
are at risk for airway obstruction due to edema or laryngeal nerve damage.
5. A client presents with a TSH level of 12 mU/L and a low T4 level. Which
condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Primary Hypothyroidism
C. Secondary Hypothyroidism
D. Thyroid Storm
Answer: B
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland fails to produce T4, causing the
pituitary to secrete high levels of TSH in an attempt to compensate.
, 6. Which clinical manifestation is expected in a patient diagnosed with Cushing’s
Syndrome?
A. Truncal obesity and moon face
B. Weight loss and cachexia
C. Hypotension
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome results from excessive cortisol, leading to fat redistribution
(truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump) and hyperglycemia.
7. A patient with Addison’s disease is admitted for an Addisonian crisis. What is
the priority nursing intervention?
A. Fluid resuscitation with Normal Saline and Corticosteroids
B. Administering insulin to lower blood glucose
C. Restricting sodium intake
D. Monitoring for hypernatremia
Answer: A
Rationale: Addisonian crisis is a life-threatening emergency characterized by hypotension
and electrolyte imbalances. Rapid IV fluid replacement and high-dose glucocorticoids are
essential.
8. A client is diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which finding should the
nurse anticipate?
A. Excessive thirst and large amounts of dilute urine
B. Low serum sodium
C. Specific gravity of 1.035
D. Weight gain and edema
Answer: A
