NR 324 Adult Health II Exam 8 Study Guide 2026 |Chamberlain College
1. Which classification of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is caused by factors that
reduce systemic circulation, causing a reduction in renal blood flow?
A. Intrarenal
B. Prerenal
C. Postrenal
D. Chronic Renal Failure
Answer: B
Rationale: Prerenal causes are factors that reduce systemic circulation, leading to
decreased renal blood flow and perfusion.
2. A patient with AKI has a urinary output of 350 mL/day. Which phase of AKI is
the patient likely in?
A. Diuretic phase
B. Oliguric phase
C. Recovery phase
D. Initiating phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The oliguric phase is characterized by a urinary output of less than 400
mL/day.
,3. Which clinical manifestation is most common during the oliguric phase of
AKI?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Fluid volume excess
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B
Rationale: As kidney function decreases, fluid retention occurs, leading to edema,
hypertension, and potentially heart failure.
4. What is the most serious complication of AKI due to its risk for cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the most life-threatening complication of AKI because it can
cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
5. In the diuretic phase of AKI, which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most
likely to observe?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can excrete waste but not concentrate urine,
leading to massive fluid and electrolyte loss, specifically potassium and sodium.
, 6. Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for identifying
intrarenal causes of AKI?
A. Renal ultrasound
B. CT scan with contrast
C. Renal biopsy
D. Urinalysis
Answer: C
Rationale: A renal biopsy is the best method for confirming intrarenal causes of AKI like
acute tubular necrosis.
7. A patient with CKD has a GFR of 12 mL/min. Which stage of CKD is this patient
in?
A. Stage 3
B. Stage 5
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 2
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD (End-Stage Renal Disease) is defined by a GFR of less than 15
mL/min.
8. What is the primary cause of anemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
A. Decreased production of erythropoietin
B. Iron deficiency
C. Chronic blood loss from the GI tract
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, production decreases, leading to
reduced red blood cell production.
1. Which classification of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is caused by factors that
reduce systemic circulation, causing a reduction in renal blood flow?
A. Intrarenal
B. Prerenal
C. Postrenal
D. Chronic Renal Failure
Answer: B
Rationale: Prerenal causes are factors that reduce systemic circulation, leading to
decreased renal blood flow and perfusion.
2. A patient with AKI has a urinary output of 350 mL/day. Which phase of AKI is
the patient likely in?
A. Diuretic phase
B. Oliguric phase
C. Recovery phase
D. Initiating phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The oliguric phase is characterized by a urinary output of less than 400
mL/day.
,3. Which clinical manifestation is most common during the oliguric phase of
AKI?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Fluid volume excess
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: B
Rationale: As kidney function decreases, fluid retention occurs, leading to edema,
hypertension, and potentially heart failure.
4. What is the most serious complication of AKI due to its risk for cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the most life-threatening complication of AKI because it can
cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
5. In the diuretic phase of AKI, which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most
likely to observe?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can excrete waste but not concentrate urine,
leading to massive fluid and electrolyte loss, specifically potassium and sodium.
, 6. Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for identifying
intrarenal causes of AKI?
A. Renal ultrasound
B. CT scan with contrast
C. Renal biopsy
D. Urinalysis
Answer: C
Rationale: A renal biopsy is the best method for confirming intrarenal causes of AKI like
acute tubular necrosis.
7. A patient with CKD has a GFR of 12 mL/min. Which stage of CKD is this patient
in?
A. Stage 3
B. Stage 5
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 2
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD (End-Stage Renal Disease) is defined by a GFR of less than 15
mL/min.
8. What is the primary cause of anemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
A. Decreased production of erythropoietin
B. Iron deficiency
C. Chronic blood loss from the GI tract
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, production decreases, leading to
reduced red blood cell production.
