GALEN PHARMACOLOGY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
A. Chronotherapy
B. Biofeedback
C. Pulse Monitoring
D. Sleep-phase dosing Answer: A. Chronotherapy
▶ Which organ is affected by hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Eyes Answer: D. Eyes
,▶ Which is a clinical sign of hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Cotton wool spots
B. Cherry red Macula
C. Red Reflex
D. Yellow Sclera Answer: A. Cotton wool spots
▶ Which of the following lab values indicates early chronic kidney disease
due to hypertension?
A. Creatinine < 0.5
B. GFR < 60
C. GFR > 90
D. BUN < 10 Answer: B. GFR < 60
▶ At what point would you refer the patient to Nephrology?
A. GFR < 90
B. GFR < 75
C. GFR < 60
D. GFR < 40 Answer: D. GFR < 40
▶ Patient come in with elevated blood pressure, they have shortness of
breath, fatigue, dizziness, and some heart palpitations. These symptoms
are a result of Left Ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following
medications are most effective in reducing LVH?
A. Metoprolol
B. Amlodipine
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril Answer: D. Lisinopril
Ace inhibitors are most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy
most antihypertensives, except direct vasodilators reduce left ventricular
mass
▶ What is a common underreported symptom indicating early
cardiovascular disease in Men?
,A. Fatigue
B. Syncope
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Palpitations Answer: C. Erectile dysfunction
▶ What defines hypertension Stage I?
A. SBP > 140 or DBP > 90
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 Answer: D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
▶ Which readings is a diagnosis's for hypertension made?
A. Initial elevated reading
B. After two and/or more elevated readings
C. After the four elevated reading Answer: B. After two and/or more
elevated readings
▶ What defines a Hypertensive Emergency?
A. Blood pressure of 170/100
B. Blood pressure of 160/100 with fatigue
C. Blood pressure of 150/80 with bradycardia
D. Blood pressure of 180/121 with dizziness Answer: D. Blood pressure of
180/121 with dizziness
▶ HTN Stage 1
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
▶ Normal BP
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
, D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
▶ Elevated HTN
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
▶ HTN Stage 2
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or
equal to 90
▶ How is hypertensive Urgency different from hypertensive emergency?
A. Urgency requires hospitalization
B. Urgency has a lower BP
C. Emergency has symptoms of TOD, and urgency does not
D. Emergency is self resolving Answer: C. Emergency has symptoms of
TOD, and urgency does not
▶ What is the goal BP in hypertensive urgency within the next few days?
A. < 160/100
B. < 120/80
C. < 130/85
D. < 140/90 Answer: A. < 160/100
▶ What is the MOST COMMON cause of Secondary Hypertension?
Answer: Sleep apnea
▶ Which diagnostic tool is most accurate for confirming pseudo-
hypertension?
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
A. Chronotherapy
B. Biofeedback
C. Pulse Monitoring
D. Sleep-phase dosing Answer: A. Chronotherapy
▶ Which organ is affected by hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Eyes Answer: D. Eyes
,▶ Which is a clinical sign of hypertensive retinopathy?
A. Cotton wool spots
B. Cherry red Macula
C. Red Reflex
D. Yellow Sclera Answer: A. Cotton wool spots
▶ Which of the following lab values indicates early chronic kidney disease
due to hypertension?
A. Creatinine < 0.5
B. GFR < 60
C. GFR > 90
D. BUN < 10 Answer: B. GFR < 60
▶ At what point would you refer the patient to Nephrology?
A. GFR < 90
B. GFR < 75
C. GFR < 60
D. GFR < 40 Answer: D. GFR < 40
▶ Patient come in with elevated blood pressure, they have shortness of
breath, fatigue, dizziness, and some heart palpitations. These symptoms
are a result of Left Ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following
medications are most effective in reducing LVH?
A. Metoprolol
B. Amlodipine
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril Answer: D. Lisinopril
Ace inhibitors are most effective in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy
most antihypertensives, except direct vasodilators reduce left ventricular
mass
▶ What is a common underreported symptom indicating early
cardiovascular disease in Men?
,A. Fatigue
B. Syncope
C. Erectile dysfunction
D. Palpitations Answer: C. Erectile dysfunction
▶ What defines hypertension Stage I?
A. SBP > 140 or DBP > 90
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 Answer: D. SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89
▶ Which readings is a diagnosis's for hypertension made?
A. Initial elevated reading
B. After two and/or more elevated readings
C. After the four elevated reading Answer: B. After two and/or more
elevated readings
▶ What defines a Hypertensive Emergency?
A. Blood pressure of 170/100
B. Blood pressure of 160/100 with fatigue
C. Blood pressure of 150/80 with bradycardia
D. Blood pressure of 180/121 with dizziness Answer: D. Blood pressure of
180/121 with dizziness
▶ HTN Stage 1
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
▶ Normal BP
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
, D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
▶ Elevated HTN
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
▶ HTN Stage 2
A. SBP < 120 and DBP < 80
B. SBP 120-129 and DBP < 80
C. SBP 130-139 and DBP 80-89
D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or equal to 90
Answer: D. SBP Greater than or equal to 140 and DBP greater than or
equal to 90
▶ How is hypertensive Urgency different from hypertensive emergency?
A. Urgency requires hospitalization
B. Urgency has a lower BP
C. Emergency has symptoms of TOD, and urgency does not
D. Emergency is self resolving Answer: C. Emergency has symptoms of
TOD, and urgency does not
▶ What is the goal BP in hypertensive urgency within the next few days?
A. < 160/100
B. < 120/80
C. < 130/85
D. < 140/90 Answer: A. < 160/100
▶ What is the MOST COMMON cause of Secondary Hypertension?
Answer: Sleep apnea
▶ Which diagnostic tool is most accurate for confirming pseudo-
hypertension?
