GALEN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM SCRIPT FINAL
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
▶ What is the name of the hormone that is secreted by the kidneys in
response to low BP, low sodium or sympathetic stimulation?
A. Testosterone
B. Estrogen
C. Angiotensin I
D. Angiotensin II
E. Renin Answer: E. Renin
▶ Which component of the RAAS system do ACE inhibitors primarily act
on?
A. Renin
B. Angiotensin I
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D. Aldosterone Answer: C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
▶ Which of the following organ produce Angiotensinogen?
A. Heart
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Lungs Answer: C. Liver
▶ Which of the following converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensinogen Answer: B. ACE
▶ Which of the following converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I?
,A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensinogen Answer: A. Renin
▶ Which of the following is NOT the role of Angiotensin II? SATA
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
C. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the adrenal glands
D. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the liver
E. Promotion of Sodium and Water in the kidneys Answer: B. Vasodilation
D. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the liver
▶ What defines a 'non dipper' in blood pressure monitoring?
A. BP rises > 10% at night
B. BP drops < 10% at night
C. BP stays the same all day
D. BP drops > 20% during sleep Answer: B. BP drops < 10% at night
Patients who's nighttime BP does not drop by at least 10% compared to
daytime readings
▶ What is the expected nighttime BP decrease in a healthy individual?
A. No change
B. Less than 5%
C. About 10-15%
D. More than 25% Answer: C. About 10-15%
▶ Which risk factors for hypertension is considered non modifiable?
A. Obesity
B. Diet
C. Family History
D. Tobacco use Answer: C. Family history
,▶ What is the preferred method of blood pressure measurement in the
clinic?
A. Wrist monitor
B. Osillometric upper arm device
C. Finger monitor
D. Digital Smartphone app Answer: B. Osillometric upper arm device
▶ Which of the following is true when it comes to proper blood pressure
measurement techniques?
A. Lower edge 5cm above anticubital space
B. Center of the bladder over the brachial artery
C. The bladder must encircle 60% of the arm's circumference
D. Black supported and arm at waist level
E. Rest for 1 minutes before reading Answer: B. Center of the bladder over
the brachial artery
Corrected statements
A. Lower edge 2.5cm above anticubital space
B. Center of the bladder over the brachial artery
C. The bladder must encircle 80% of the arm's circumference
D. Black supported and arm at heart level
E. Rest for 5 minutes before reading
▶ Which of the following home BP readings would be considered
Hypertensive?
A. 128/78 mmHg
B. 133/84 mmHg
C. 136/88 mmHg
D. 130/82 mmHg Answer: C. 136/88 mmHg
A patient is considered hypertensive if the average home reading is greater
than or equal to 135/85 mmHg
▶ What is term for elevated BP that occurs only in clinical settings but not
at home?
A. Masked hypertension
, B. White coat syndrome
C. Secondary hypertension
D. Isolated nocturnal hypertension Answer: B. White coat syndrome
▶ What defies isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults?
A. High DBP and low SBP
B. Only low BP at night
C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
D. BP only rises with exertion Answer: C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
▶ Which of the following patients would best benefit from Ambulatory BP
Monitoring (ABPM)?
A. A normotensive patient
B. A patient with suspected white coat hypertension
C. A child with stable BP
D. A patient with normal BP readings Answer: B. A patient with suspected
white coat hypertension
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
▶ What is the name of the hormone that is secreted by the kidneys in
response to low BP, low sodium or sympathetic stimulation?
A. Testosterone
B. Estrogen
C. Angiotensin I
D. Angiotensin II
E. Renin Answer: E. Renin
▶ Which component of the RAAS system do ACE inhibitors primarily act
on?
A. Renin
B. Angiotensin I
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D. Aldosterone Answer: C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
▶ Which of the following organ produce Angiotensinogen?
A. Heart
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Lungs Answer: C. Liver
▶ Which of the following converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensinogen Answer: B. ACE
▶ Which of the following converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I?
,A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensinogen Answer: A. Renin
▶ Which of the following is NOT the role of Angiotensin II? SATA
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
C. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the adrenal glands
D. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the liver
E. Promotion of Sodium and Water in the kidneys Answer: B. Vasodilation
D. Stimulation of Aldosterone from the liver
▶ What defines a 'non dipper' in blood pressure monitoring?
A. BP rises > 10% at night
B. BP drops < 10% at night
C. BP stays the same all day
D. BP drops > 20% during sleep Answer: B. BP drops < 10% at night
Patients who's nighttime BP does not drop by at least 10% compared to
daytime readings
▶ What is the expected nighttime BP decrease in a healthy individual?
A. No change
B. Less than 5%
C. About 10-15%
D. More than 25% Answer: C. About 10-15%
▶ Which risk factors for hypertension is considered non modifiable?
A. Obesity
B. Diet
C. Family History
D. Tobacco use Answer: C. Family history
,▶ What is the preferred method of blood pressure measurement in the
clinic?
A. Wrist monitor
B. Osillometric upper arm device
C. Finger monitor
D. Digital Smartphone app Answer: B. Osillometric upper arm device
▶ Which of the following is true when it comes to proper blood pressure
measurement techniques?
A. Lower edge 5cm above anticubital space
B. Center of the bladder over the brachial artery
C. The bladder must encircle 60% of the arm's circumference
D. Black supported and arm at waist level
E. Rest for 1 minutes before reading Answer: B. Center of the bladder over
the brachial artery
Corrected statements
A. Lower edge 2.5cm above anticubital space
B. Center of the bladder over the brachial artery
C. The bladder must encircle 80% of the arm's circumference
D. Black supported and arm at heart level
E. Rest for 5 minutes before reading
▶ Which of the following home BP readings would be considered
Hypertensive?
A. 128/78 mmHg
B. 133/84 mmHg
C. 136/88 mmHg
D. 130/82 mmHg Answer: C. 136/88 mmHg
A patient is considered hypertensive if the average home reading is greater
than or equal to 135/85 mmHg
▶ What is term for elevated BP that occurs only in clinical settings but not
at home?
A. Masked hypertension
, B. White coat syndrome
C. Secondary hypertension
D. Isolated nocturnal hypertension Answer: B. White coat syndrome
▶ What defies isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults?
A. High DBP and low SBP
B. Only low BP at night
C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
D. BP only rises with exertion Answer: C. Elevated SBP with Normal DBP
▶ Which of the following patients would best benefit from Ambulatory BP
Monitoring (ABPM)?
A. A normotensive patient
B. A patient with suspected white coat hypertension
C. A child with stable BP
D. A patient with normal BP readings Answer: B. A patient with suspected
white coat hypertension
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Nighttime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: C. > 125/75 mmHg
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for 24 hrs BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: A. > 135/85
▶ Which of the following is Diagnostic Criteria for Daytime BP average?
A. > 135/85
B. > 140/90
C. > 125/75 Answer: B. > 140/90
▶ What term describes tailoring medication timing to improve nighttime BP
control?
