NUR 2407 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 2026
RASMUSSEN COLLEGE COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ What are common symptoms of left-sided heart failure? Answer:
Pulmonary edema, coughing, shortness of breath, and dyspnea.
◉ What are common symptoms of right-sided heart failure? Answer:
Systemic venous congestion, pedal edema, jugular venous distension,
ascites, and hepatic congestion.
◉ What is the role of positive inotropic drugs in heart failure? Answer:
They increase the force of myocardial contraction.
◉ What do ACE inhibitors do in heart failure treatment? Answer: They
prevent sodium and water resorption, inhibit aldosterone secretion, and
decrease preload.
◉ What is the mechanism of action of ARBs in heart failure? Answer:
They act as potent vasodilators and decrease systemic vascular
resistance (afterload).
◉ What are aldosterone antagonists used for in heart failure? Answer:
They block aldosterone from binding to its receptor, preventing sodium
and water retention.
, ◉ What is the function of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in heart failure?
Answer: They inhibit phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cAMP,
positive inotropic response, and vasodilation.
◉ What is the main adverse effect of Milrinone? Answer: Cardiac
dysrhythmias.
◉ What is digoxin's primary effect in heart failure treatment? Answer: It
provides a positive inotropic effect, increasing the force of myocardial
contraction.
◉ What are the common adverse effects of digoxin? Answer:
Bradycardia, hypotension, headaches, fatigue, confusion, and unusual
colored vision.
◉ What conditions can predispose a patient to digoxin toxicity? Answer:
Hypokalemia, use of a cardiac pacemaker, hepatic dysfunction,
hypercalcemia, dysrhythmias, and advanced age.
◉ What is the antidote for severe digoxin overdose? Answer: Digoxin
immune Fab (Digibind) therapy.
RASMUSSEN COLLEGE COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ What are common symptoms of left-sided heart failure? Answer:
Pulmonary edema, coughing, shortness of breath, and dyspnea.
◉ What are common symptoms of right-sided heart failure? Answer:
Systemic venous congestion, pedal edema, jugular venous distension,
ascites, and hepatic congestion.
◉ What is the role of positive inotropic drugs in heart failure? Answer:
They increase the force of myocardial contraction.
◉ What do ACE inhibitors do in heart failure treatment? Answer: They
prevent sodium and water resorption, inhibit aldosterone secretion, and
decrease preload.
◉ What is the mechanism of action of ARBs in heart failure? Answer:
They act as potent vasodilators and decrease systemic vascular
resistance (afterload).
◉ What are aldosterone antagonists used for in heart failure? Answer:
They block aldosterone from binding to its receptor, preventing sodium
and water retention.
, ◉ What is the function of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in heart failure?
Answer: They inhibit phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cAMP,
positive inotropic response, and vasodilation.
◉ What is the main adverse effect of Milrinone? Answer: Cardiac
dysrhythmias.
◉ What is digoxin's primary effect in heart failure treatment? Answer: It
provides a positive inotropic effect, increasing the force of myocardial
contraction.
◉ What are the common adverse effects of digoxin? Answer:
Bradycardia, hypotension, headaches, fatigue, confusion, and unusual
colored vision.
◉ What conditions can predispose a patient to digoxin toxicity? Answer:
Hypokalemia, use of a cardiac pacemaker, hepatic dysfunction,
hypercalcemia, dysrhythmias, and advanced age.
◉ What is the antidote for severe digoxin overdose? Answer: Digoxin
immune Fab (Digibind) therapy.
