NUR 631 Final Study Guide Advanced Physiology
and Pathophysiology Final Exam Test Bank – 150
Practice Questions with Correct Answers &
Rationales | GCU
Which disorder is characterized by damage to the mucosa of the duodenum and
jejunum and impaired secretion of secretin, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic
enzymes?
a. Wilson disease
b. Cystic fibrosis
c. Gluten/sensitive enteropathy
d. Galactosemia - ANSWER👀 c. Gluten/sensitive enteropathy
Explanation: Gluten/sensitive enteropathy is characterized by damage to the
mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum and has secondary effects that exacerbate
malabsorption. The secretion of intestinal hormones, such as secretin and
cholecystokinin, may be diminished. Because these chemical messengers are
scarce, secretion of pancreatic enzymes and expulsion of bile from the gallbladder
decrease. These statements are not true of the other options. page 1495
What factor associated with gluten/sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an
infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
,d. Prescribed daily warfarin ;Coumadin - ANSWER👀 a. Vitamin K deficiency
from fat malabsorption
Explanation: Deficiencies of fat/soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are common
in children with gluten/sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K malabsorption leads to
hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to bruise and bleed easily. This selection
is the only option that accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising
and bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue. page 1497
In an infant who is 6 weeks old, an increase in bilirubin production and persistent
jaundice support which diagnosis?
a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
b. Physiologic Jaundice
c. Hepatitis A
d. Infantile cirrhosis - ANSWER👀 a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
Explanation: Physiologic jaundice develops during the second or third day after
birth and usually subsides in 1 to 2 weeks in full/term infants and in 2 to 4 weeks
in premature infants. After this development, increased bilirubin values and
persistent jaundice indicate pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. This selection is the
only option that accurately identifies the diagnosis associated with these
symptoms and timeline. page 1500 - 1501
Physiologic jaundice in a newborn is caused by:
a. Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
b. Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
,c. Increased bilirubin production
d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia - ANSWER👀 d. Mild
conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia
Explanation: page 1500
In children, the risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are primarily associated
with:
a. Living in urban communities
b. Mothers who are hepatitis C carriers
c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
d. Those of hispanic ethnic background - ANSWER👀 c. Transfusion therapy for
hemophilia
Explanation: Risk factors for HBV infection include infants of mothers who are
carriers of chronic
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemophiliacs who receive frequent blood
transfusions, children who abuse parenteral drugs, and children who live in
residences for those who are mentally delayed. HBV is endemic in China and
other parts of Asia where most infections occur in infants and children as a result
of maternal/neonatal transmission. page 1502
Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which structures? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Muscles
, b. Kidneys
c. Lymph nodes
d. Cervix
e. Liver - ANSWER👀 d. Cervix
e. Liver
Explanation: Of the options available, only cervical inflammation and portal
hypertension (liver) are complications directly related to cystic fibrosis. page 1495
Table 42-1
Periduodenal band - ANSWER👀 Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which
rotation does not occur and the colon remains in the upper right quadrant, where
an abnormal membrane may press and obstruct the duodenum. The obstructing
band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal band, is one of the most
significant findings in malrotation. page 1489
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) - ANSWER👀
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) is a functional
obstruction of the colon caused by the absence of the enteric ganglia along a
variable length of the colon with inadequate motility. page 1497
Meconium ileus - ANSWER👀 Meconium ileus is intestinal obstruction caused
by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the
mucosa of the small intestine, resisting passage beyond the terminal ileum. The
cause is usually a lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life. page 1490
and Pathophysiology Final Exam Test Bank – 150
Practice Questions with Correct Answers &
Rationales | GCU
Which disorder is characterized by damage to the mucosa of the duodenum and
jejunum and impaired secretion of secretin, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic
enzymes?
a. Wilson disease
b. Cystic fibrosis
c. Gluten/sensitive enteropathy
d. Galactosemia - ANSWER👀 c. Gluten/sensitive enteropathy
Explanation: Gluten/sensitive enteropathy is characterized by damage to the
mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum and has secondary effects that exacerbate
malabsorption. The secretion of intestinal hormones, such as secretin and
cholecystokinin, may be diminished. Because these chemical messengers are
scarce, secretion of pancreatic enzymes and expulsion of bile from the gallbladder
decrease. These statements are not true of the other options. page 1495
What factor associated with gluten/sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an
infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
,d. Prescribed daily warfarin ;Coumadin - ANSWER👀 a. Vitamin K deficiency
from fat malabsorption
Explanation: Deficiencies of fat/soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are common
in children with gluten/sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K malabsorption leads to
hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to bruise and bleed easily. This selection
is the only option that accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising
and bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue. page 1497
In an infant who is 6 weeks old, an increase in bilirubin production and persistent
jaundice support which diagnosis?
a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
b. Physiologic Jaundice
c. Hepatitis A
d. Infantile cirrhosis - ANSWER👀 a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
Explanation: Physiologic jaundice develops during the second or third day after
birth and usually subsides in 1 to 2 weeks in full/term infants and in 2 to 4 weeks
in premature infants. After this development, increased bilirubin values and
persistent jaundice indicate pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. This selection is the
only option that accurately identifies the diagnosis associated with these
symptoms and timeline. page 1500 - 1501
Physiologic jaundice in a newborn is caused by:
a. Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
b. Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
,c. Increased bilirubin production
d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia - ANSWER👀 d. Mild
conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia
Explanation: page 1500
In children, the risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are primarily associated
with:
a. Living in urban communities
b. Mothers who are hepatitis C carriers
c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
d. Those of hispanic ethnic background - ANSWER👀 c. Transfusion therapy for
hemophilia
Explanation: Risk factors for HBV infection include infants of mothers who are
carriers of chronic
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemophiliacs who receive frequent blood
transfusions, children who abuse parenteral drugs, and children who live in
residences for those who are mentally delayed. HBV is endemic in China and
other parts of Asia where most infections occur in infants and children as a result
of maternal/neonatal transmission. page 1502
Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which structures? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Muscles
, b. Kidneys
c. Lymph nodes
d. Cervix
e. Liver - ANSWER👀 d. Cervix
e. Liver
Explanation: Of the options available, only cervical inflammation and portal
hypertension (liver) are complications directly related to cystic fibrosis. page 1495
Table 42-1
Periduodenal band - ANSWER👀 Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which
rotation does not occur and the colon remains in the upper right quadrant, where
an abnormal membrane may press and obstruct the duodenum. The obstructing
band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal band, is one of the most
significant findings in malrotation. page 1489
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) - ANSWER👀
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) is a functional
obstruction of the colon caused by the absence of the enteric ganglia along a
variable length of the colon with inadequate motility. page 1497
Meconium ileus - ANSWER👀 Meconium ileus is intestinal obstruction caused
by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the
mucosa of the small intestine, resisting passage beyond the terminal ileum. The
cause is usually a lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life. page 1490
