,SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
RESEARCH (Questions 1–10)
Q1. Nursing research is best defined as:
A) The collection of data from patients to improve clinical outcomes
B) A systematic inquiry that develops knowledge about issues of importance
to nursing practice, education, and administration
C) A review of published literature on nursing topics
D) The application of statistical methods to patient care data
Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing research is a systematic, rigorous, and critical inquiry
that aims to develop empirical knowledge about issues relevant to nursing. It
generates evidence that informs nursing practice, education, and
administration.
Q2. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined as:
A) Using only randomized controlled trials to guide clinical decisions
B) Integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient preferences and values
C) Following established protocols without question
D) Relying solely on expert opinion
Answer: B
Rationale: EBP is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current
best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It
integrates research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
Q3. Which of the following is a primary goal of nursing research?
A) To increase the prestige of the nursing profession
B) To generate evidence for nursing practice
C) To reduce healthcare costs
D) To replace clinical judgment with statistical analysis
Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of nursing research is to generate evidence that
, can be used to guide nursing practice, improve patient outcomes, and
advance the science of nursing.
Q4. The highest level of evidence for treatment effectiveness is generally
considered to be:
A) Expert opinion
B) Case series
C) Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
(RCTs)
D) Cohort studies
Answer: C
Rationale: In evidence hierarchies (e.g., GRADE, Oxford CEBM), systematic
reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs provide the highest level of evidence for
questions of treatment effectiveness.
Q5. Which paradigm is most closely associated with quantitative research?
A) Constructivism
B) Interpretivism
C) Positivism
D) Critical theory
Answer: C
Rationale: Positivism (and post-positivism) is aligned with quantitative
methods, emphasizing objectivity, measurement, causality, and statistical
analysis. Constructivism and interpretivism are aligned with qualitative
methods.
Q6. Which paradigm is most closely associated with qualitative research?
A) Positivism
B) Post-positivism
C) Interpretivism
D) Behaviorism
RESEARCH (Questions 1–10)
Q1. Nursing research is best defined as:
A) The collection of data from patients to improve clinical outcomes
B) A systematic inquiry that develops knowledge about issues of importance
to nursing practice, education, and administration
C) A review of published literature on nursing topics
D) The application of statistical methods to patient care data
Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing research is a systematic, rigorous, and critical inquiry
that aims to develop empirical knowledge about issues relevant to nursing. It
generates evidence that informs nursing practice, education, and
administration.
Q2. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined as:
A) Using only randomized controlled trials to guide clinical decisions
B) Integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient preferences and values
C) Following established protocols without question
D) Relying solely on expert opinion
Answer: B
Rationale: EBP is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current
best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It
integrates research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
Q3. Which of the following is a primary goal of nursing research?
A) To increase the prestige of the nursing profession
B) To generate evidence for nursing practice
C) To reduce healthcare costs
D) To replace clinical judgment with statistical analysis
Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of nursing research is to generate evidence that
, can be used to guide nursing practice, improve patient outcomes, and
advance the science of nursing.
Q4. The highest level of evidence for treatment effectiveness is generally
considered to be:
A) Expert opinion
B) Case series
C) Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
(RCTs)
D) Cohort studies
Answer: C
Rationale: In evidence hierarchies (e.g., GRADE, Oxford CEBM), systematic
reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs provide the highest level of evidence for
questions of treatment effectiveness.
Q5. Which paradigm is most closely associated with quantitative research?
A) Constructivism
B) Interpretivism
C) Positivism
D) Critical theory
Answer: C
Rationale: Positivism (and post-positivism) is aligned with quantitative
methods, emphasizing objectivity, measurement, causality, and statistical
analysis. Constructivism and interpretivism are aligned with qualitative
methods.
Q6. Which paradigm is most closely associated with qualitative research?
A) Positivism
B) Post-positivism
C) Interpretivism
D) Behaviorism
