FULL QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◉ Acidosis. Answer: A condition where the body fluids have excess
acid.
◉ ABG Normal Values. Answer: pH: 7.35-7.45, PaCO₂: 35-45 mmHg,
HCO₃: 22-26 mEq/L, PaO₂: 80-100 mmHg.
◉ Respiratory Acidosis. Answer: Caused by hypoventilation, COPD,
sedation; characterized by ↓ pH, ↑ CO₂, confusion, headache.
◉ Respiratory Alkalosis. Answer: Caused by hyperventilation, anxiety;
characterized by ↑ pH, ↓ CO₂, dizziness.
◉ Metabolic Acidosis. Answer: Caused by DKA, renal failure, diarrhea;
characterized by ↓ pH, ↓ HCO₃, Kussmaul respirations.
◉ Metabolic Alkalosis. Answer: Caused by vomiting, diuretics;
characterized by ↑ pH, ↑ HCO₃, muscle cramps.
◉ Dehydration Cues. Answer: Dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, tachycardia, hypotension, dark urine.