NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

●● neoplasm.
Answer: the new growth that occurs as a result of neoplasia


●● proliferation.
Answer: --process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division


●● differentiation.
Answer: process in which cells become more specialized with each
mitotic division


●● cell cycle (figure 2.1).
Answer: G1 (first growth phase)
S (DNA synthesis phase)
to G2 (second growth phase)
M (mitosis).


●● G1.
Answer: (gap 1)

, --DNA synthesis stops
--cell enlarges
--both RNA and protein synthesis begin


●● S phase.
Answer: --DNA synthesis occurs
--produces two separate sets of chromosomes, one for each daughter
cell.


●● G2.
Answer: (gap 2)
--DNA synthesis again stops
--RNA/protein synthesis continues
--first three (G1, S, G2) phases are referred to as interphase


●● checkpoints.
Answer: --Located at the end of each of these phases (G1, S-phase, and
G2)
--means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to
proceed to the next phase
--if not, the cycle is halted and allowed to complete its replication or
even repair any DNA damage (when detected), thereby ensuring all the
genetic information is passed on correctly.