BIO 148
BIO 148 Exam 1 |Study Questions and
Answers |UKY Graded A+ 2026
All living things are made up of MANY cells? -Correct Answer ✔-false
What is TRUE about cells? -Correct Answer ✔-Not all cells are the same size and
shape, and not all living things are made up of many cells
Tardigrades, also called water bears, are microscopic segmented
animals with eight legs. They are normally about 70 percent body
water, but they can survive extreme dehydration (to just a few percent
body water) for up to 10 years! After a decade you can add water and
the tardigrades will start swimming around. You enter a lab and your
new boss gives you five dehydrated tardigrades and asks you to
demonstrate that the tardigrades are alive in their dehydrated state.
How would you demonstrate this? -Correct Answer ✔-Record their energy use, because
all living organisms acquire and use energy
Which of the following is/are TRUE about all living things? -Correct Answer ✔-All living
things make proteins using ribosomes
How many of these statements are true? (Choose a number)
All prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane.
All prokaryotic cells contain DNA and RNA.
All currently living prokaryotic cells came from other cells.
Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells use the same genetic code as humans -Correct Answer ✔-5, all of
them
In biology, "fitness" is defined as the relative ability of an individual to
survive long enough to produce viable, fertile offspring (pass on its
genes) in a given environment relative to others of the same species.
According to this definition, which of the following is the most fit? -Correct Answer ✔-A
beetle who reproduces once, has 10 surviving, fertile offspring, then dies
According to the biological definition of evolution, an individual can evolve. -Correct
Answer ✔-false
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living things? -Correct Answer ✔-
They are composed of one or more cells AND they contain ribosomes
What statement is TRUE about cells on Earth today? -Correct Answer ✔-All cells come
from pre-existing cells.
BIO 148
,BIO 148
A eukaryotic organism.... -Correct Answer ✔-possess membrane bound organelles AND
uses the same type of genetic material as prokaryotes
A population is a group of individuals of the same species. According to the theory of
natural selection, what is likely to happen to a population when a change occurs in its
environment (for example, the amount of rainfall decreases or the temperature
increases)? -Correct Answer ✔-The individuals that have traits better suited to the
changed environment would be more likely to survive and reproduce than those with
less suitable traits.
What does it mean to say that a characteristic of an individual organism is heritable? -
Correct Answer ✔-The characteristic can be passed on to offspring
Refer to the following description of moths shown in the image. Based on this
information, which of the following would be predicted if trees became covered in soot,
which makes tree bark darker in color? -Correct Answer ✔-darker colored moths
increase in frequency
Refer to the description of moths in the image below. Based on this information, which
of the following would be predicted if all predators of the moths died and the trees
became covered in lichens (which makes the bark lighter in color)? -Correct Answer ✔-
no change in the moth population ratio
Evolutionary change occurs in_______________. Natural selection acts on
__________. When natural selection occurs, the genetic characteristics of a _________
change(s) over time. -Correct Answer ✔-populations, individual organisms; population
In the "Boars with personality" worksheet from class, you learned that boar aggression
varies in the population and that female boars with low aggression scores have, on
average, more offspring per year than those with high aggression scores. Which of the
following do you need to know to determine if evolution by natural selection will occur in
this population with regard to the trait of aggression? Choose ALL that apply -Correct
Answer ✔-the environment that the boars live in and if aggression is a heritable trait in
this boar population
In which of the following situations is evolution by natural selection most likely to occur?
-Correct Answer ✔-A population of mountain gorillas in which individuals with genes for
long hair survive the cold better
One individual in a population fathers more offspring than all the other males in that
population. Which statement best describes this situation? -Correct Answer ✔-That
male has a greater fitness than the other males
BIO 148
, BIO 148
The variation natural selection operates on is due to random mutations. Which of the
following statements about natural selection is TRUE? -Correct Answer ✔-Natural
selection is a directed (non-random) process—the likelihood one variant will be favored
in a given environment over another is predictable, even if the origin of the variation is
not.
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which of the following groups has a bony
skeleton? -Correct Answer ✔-Ray finned fish and amphibians
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which is more closely related to crocodiles:
amphibians, rabbits or birds? -Correct Answer ✔-crocodiles are more closely related to
birds
Today's prokaryotes and their MRCA are a clade. -Correct Answer ✔-false
Bacteria and their MRCA are a clade -Correct Answer ✔-true
Which of the following was/ were present in the common ancestor of Bacteria, Archaea
and Eukarya? -Correct Answer ✔-proteins, rna and dna
Which of the following could be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell? -Correct
Answer ✔-proteins, ribosomes, a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid
Which of the following can be used to distinguish between a bacterial cell (Bacteria) and
an archaeal cell (Archaea)? -Correct Answer ✔-the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell
wall
Which feature is shared by Archaea and Bacteria but not found in any member of
Eukarya -Correct Answer ✔-Lack of a nucleus
A characteristic that evolved in the MRCA of all eukaryotes would be: -Correct Answer
✔-a nucleus
Which of the following pieces of information would support the endosymbiotic theory? -
Correct Answer ✔-Mitochondria reproduce by fission (like bacteria), Mitochondria have
their own ribosomes that are similar in structure to those of bacteria, Mitochondrial
contain circular DNA and Mitochondrial have double membranes
Which of the following supports the infolding theory to explain the origin of the nuclear
membrane? -Correct Answer ✔-The nuclear envelope is a double membrane
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, the outer mitochondrial membrane is derived
from: -Correct Answer ✔-the plasma membrane of an ancient eukaryote ancestor
BIO 148
BIO 148 Exam 1 |Study Questions and
Answers |UKY Graded A+ 2026
All living things are made up of MANY cells? -Correct Answer ✔-false
What is TRUE about cells? -Correct Answer ✔-Not all cells are the same size and
shape, and not all living things are made up of many cells
Tardigrades, also called water bears, are microscopic segmented
animals with eight legs. They are normally about 70 percent body
water, but they can survive extreme dehydration (to just a few percent
body water) for up to 10 years! After a decade you can add water and
the tardigrades will start swimming around. You enter a lab and your
new boss gives you five dehydrated tardigrades and asks you to
demonstrate that the tardigrades are alive in their dehydrated state.
How would you demonstrate this? -Correct Answer ✔-Record their energy use, because
all living organisms acquire and use energy
Which of the following is/are TRUE about all living things? -Correct Answer ✔-All living
things make proteins using ribosomes
How many of these statements are true? (Choose a number)
All prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane.
All prokaryotic cells contain DNA and RNA.
All currently living prokaryotic cells came from other cells.
Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells use the same genetic code as humans -Correct Answer ✔-5, all of
them
In biology, "fitness" is defined as the relative ability of an individual to
survive long enough to produce viable, fertile offspring (pass on its
genes) in a given environment relative to others of the same species.
According to this definition, which of the following is the most fit? -Correct Answer ✔-A
beetle who reproduces once, has 10 surviving, fertile offspring, then dies
According to the biological definition of evolution, an individual can evolve. -Correct
Answer ✔-false
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living things? -Correct Answer ✔-
They are composed of one or more cells AND they contain ribosomes
What statement is TRUE about cells on Earth today? -Correct Answer ✔-All cells come
from pre-existing cells.
BIO 148
,BIO 148
A eukaryotic organism.... -Correct Answer ✔-possess membrane bound organelles AND
uses the same type of genetic material as prokaryotes
A population is a group of individuals of the same species. According to the theory of
natural selection, what is likely to happen to a population when a change occurs in its
environment (for example, the amount of rainfall decreases or the temperature
increases)? -Correct Answer ✔-The individuals that have traits better suited to the
changed environment would be more likely to survive and reproduce than those with
less suitable traits.
What does it mean to say that a characteristic of an individual organism is heritable? -
Correct Answer ✔-The characteristic can be passed on to offspring
Refer to the following description of moths shown in the image. Based on this
information, which of the following would be predicted if trees became covered in soot,
which makes tree bark darker in color? -Correct Answer ✔-darker colored moths
increase in frequency
Refer to the description of moths in the image below. Based on this information, which
of the following would be predicted if all predators of the moths died and the trees
became covered in lichens (which makes the bark lighter in color)? -Correct Answer ✔-
no change in the moth population ratio
Evolutionary change occurs in_______________. Natural selection acts on
__________. When natural selection occurs, the genetic characteristics of a _________
change(s) over time. -Correct Answer ✔-populations, individual organisms; population
In the "Boars with personality" worksheet from class, you learned that boar aggression
varies in the population and that female boars with low aggression scores have, on
average, more offspring per year than those with high aggression scores. Which of the
following do you need to know to determine if evolution by natural selection will occur in
this population with regard to the trait of aggression? Choose ALL that apply -Correct
Answer ✔-the environment that the boars live in and if aggression is a heritable trait in
this boar population
In which of the following situations is evolution by natural selection most likely to occur?
-Correct Answer ✔-A population of mountain gorillas in which individuals with genes for
long hair survive the cold better
One individual in a population fathers more offspring than all the other males in that
population. Which statement best describes this situation? -Correct Answer ✔-That
male has a greater fitness than the other males
BIO 148
, BIO 148
The variation natural selection operates on is due to random mutations. Which of the
following statements about natural selection is TRUE? -Correct Answer ✔-Natural
selection is a directed (non-random) process—the likelihood one variant will be favored
in a given environment over another is predictable, even if the origin of the variation is
not.
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which of the following groups has a bony
skeleton? -Correct Answer ✔-Ray finned fish and amphibians
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which is more closely related to crocodiles:
amphibians, rabbits or birds? -Correct Answer ✔-crocodiles are more closely related to
birds
Today's prokaryotes and their MRCA are a clade. -Correct Answer ✔-false
Bacteria and their MRCA are a clade -Correct Answer ✔-true
Which of the following was/ were present in the common ancestor of Bacteria, Archaea
and Eukarya? -Correct Answer ✔-proteins, rna and dna
Which of the following could be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell? -Correct
Answer ✔-proteins, ribosomes, a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid
Which of the following can be used to distinguish between a bacterial cell (Bacteria) and
an archaeal cell (Archaea)? -Correct Answer ✔-the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell
wall
Which feature is shared by Archaea and Bacteria but not found in any member of
Eukarya -Correct Answer ✔-Lack of a nucleus
A characteristic that evolved in the MRCA of all eukaryotes would be: -Correct Answer
✔-a nucleus
Which of the following pieces of information would support the endosymbiotic theory? -
Correct Answer ✔-Mitochondria reproduce by fission (like bacteria), Mitochondria have
their own ribosomes that are similar in structure to those of bacteria, Mitochondrial
contain circular DNA and Mitochondrial have double membranes
Which of the following supports the infolding theory to explain the origin of the nuclear
membrane? -Correct Answer ✔-The nuclear envelope is a double membrane
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, the outer mitochondrial membrane is derived
from: -Correct Answer ✔-the plasma membrane of an ancient eukaryote ancestor
BIO 148
