BIO 148
BIO 148 Final Exam-Cares Questions
and Answers UKY 2026 Update
Structures in a cell that make proteins. They read information on the mRNA and
produce proteins. -Correct Answer ✔-ribosomes
Organisms are a product of -Correct Answer ✔-Evolution
Archaea are more closely related to _______ than _______ -Correct Answer ✔-
eukaryotes, bacteria
uses energy
is made of one or more cells
processes information
reproduces
can evolve -Correct Answer ✔-criteria for life
All living things release ___________ into the environment -Correct Answer ✔-energy
All cells have a ________ membrane, but not all cells have a _________ wall -Correct
Answer ✔-plasma, cell
Prokaryotes duplicate via ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-binary fission
Eukaryotes reproduce via -Correct Answer ✔-mitosis or meiosis
change in heritable characteristics over time of a species. -Correct Answer ✔-evolution
definition
Every cells living today comes from -Correct Answer ✔-another cell
Prokaryotes have a cell ________ outside the plasma membrane -Correct Answer ✔-
wall
Prokaryotes do not have a _________, instead they have a single, circular __________
. -Correct Answer ✔-nucleus, chromosome
The small piece of DNA in a prokaryote, separate from the chromosome, is the
__________ -Correct Answer ✔-plasmid
Some eukaryotic cells have a ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-cell wall
BIO 148
,BIO 148
Eukaryotic cells have multiple ______________ to store DNA -Correct Answer ✔-linear
chromosomes
DNA in a eukaryotes in stored in the __________. -Correct Answer ✔-nucleus
Bacteria and Archaea are members of -Correct Answer ✔-Prokaryota
A trait that is not reliant on genes, and acquired over time is called an _________ -
Correct Answer ✔-acquired trait
Any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs over time is called -Correct
Answer ✔-biological evolution
Charles Darwin and __________ independently invented the theory of evolution -
Correct Answer ✔-Alfred Wallace
Biological fitness is determined by the -Correct Answer ✔-amount of fertile and healthy
offspring
Natural selection selects individuals with higher -Correct Answer ✔-fitness
A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a given environment is called an -
Correct Answer ✔-adaptation
An trait that is an adaptation in one environment could ___________ in another. -
Correct Answer ✔-deleterious
A group in a phylogenetic tree consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants
is called a _________. -Correct Answer ✔-clade
More closely related taxa form a __________ clade. -Correct Answer ✔-smaller
The theory of evolution does not explain how ____________________, it explains how
life has evolved since then. -Correct Answer ✔-life originated
Natural selection changes the heritable traits of _______________ to cause the
evolution of ___________. -Correct Answer ✔-populations, populations
Natural selections acts on _______________ -Correct Answer ✔-individuals
All prokaryotes are ______________ celled organisms -Correct Answer ✔-single
Bacteria have cell walls made of -Correct Answer ✔-peptidoglycan
BIO 148
, BIO 148
Gram positive bacteria stain ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-purple
Gram negative bacteria stain _____________, because their peptidoglycan is covered
by a phospholipid bilayer. -Correct Answer ✔-pink
Cells reads DNA and makes RNA -Correct Answer ✔-transcription
Ribosome reads RNA and makes proteins -Correct Answer ✔-translation
The transcription enzymes in _____________ are more complex and closer to the
enzymes in ___________ than _____________ -Correct Answer ✔-archaea, eukaryota,
bacteria
Structures unique to Eukaryotes are -Correct Answer ✔-internal membranes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Plants are the only eukaryotes to have a central _____________ -Correct Answer ✔-
vacuole
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine -Correct Answer ✔-DNA bases
The primary structure of DNA is defined by the -Correct Answer ✔-nitrogenous bases
The secondary structure of DNA is defined by the number of -Correct Answer ✔-purines
and pyrimidines
DNA molecule structure is composed of -Correct Answer ✔-two strands in opposite
directions called antiparallel
RNA is only a single strand of -Correct Answer ✔-genetic material
The 5' end of a nucleotide connects to a -Correct Answer ✔-phosphate group
The 3' end of a nucleotide connects to a -Correct Answer ✔-hydroxyl group
Strands Separate
New strand is copied using original as template
Each new DNA molecule is one old/one new -Correct Answer ✔-semi conservative
mechanism
New double helix created by copying old one
entirely new DNA in the new molecule -Correct Answer ✔-conservative mechanism
BIO 148
BIO 148 Final Exam-Cares Questions
and Answers UKY 2026 Update
Structures in a cell that make proteins. They read information on the mRNA and
produce proteins. -Correct Answer ✔-ribosomes
Organisms are a product of -Correct Answer ✔-Evolution
Archaea are more closely related to _______ than _______ -Correct Answer ✔-
eukaryotes, bacteria
uses energy
is made of one or more cells
processes information
reproduces
can evolve -Correct Answer ✔-criteria for life
All living things release ___________ into the environment -Correct Answer ✔-energy
All cells have a ________ membrane, but not all cells have a _________ wall -Correct
Answer ✔-plasma, cell
Prokaryotes duplicate via ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-binary fission
Eukaryotes reproduce via -Correct Answer ✔-mitosis or meiosis
change in heritable characteristics over time of a species. -Correct Answer ✔-evolution
definition
Every cells living today comes from -Correct Answer ✔-another cell
Prokaryotes have a cell ________ outside the plasma membrane -Correct Answer ✔-
wall
Prokaryotes do not have a _________, instead they have a single, circular __________
. -Correct Answer ✔-nucleus, chromosome
The small piece of DNA in a prokaryote, separate from the chromosome, is the
__________ -Correct Answer ✔-plasmid
Some eukaryotic cells have a ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-cell wall
BIO 148
,BIO 148
Eukaryotic cells have multiple ______________ to store DNA -Correct Answer ✔-linear
chromosomes
DNA in a eukaryotes in stored in the __________. -Correct Answer ✔-nucleus
Bacteria and Archaea are members of -Correct Answer ✔-Prokaryota
A trait that is not reliant on genes, and acquired over time is called an _________ -
Correct Answer ✔-acquired trait
Any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs over time is called -Correct
Answer ✔-biological evolution
Charles Darwin and __________ independently invented the theory of evolution -
Correct Answer ✔-Alfred Wallace
Biological fitness is determined by the -Correct Answer ✔-amount of fertile and healthy
offspring
Natural selection selects individuals with higher -Correct Answer ✔-fitness
A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a given environment is called an -
Correct Answer ✔-adaptation
An trait that is an adaptation in one environment could ___________ in another. -
Correct Answer ✔-deleterious
A group in a phylogenetic tree consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants
is called a _________. -Correct Answer ✔-clade
More closely related taxa form a __________ clade. -Correct Answer ✔-smaller
The theory of evolution does not explain how ____________________, it explains how
life has evolved since then. -Correct Answer ✔-life originated
Natural selection changes the heritable traits of _______________ to cause the
evolution of ___________. -Correct Answer ✔-populations, populations
Natural selections acts on _______________ -Correct Answer ✔-individuals
All prokaryotes are ______________ celled organisms -Correct Answer ✔-single
Bacteria have cell walls made of -Correct Answer ✔-peptidoglycan
BIO 148
, BIO 148
Gram positive bacteria stain ___________ -Correct Answer ✔-purple
Gram negative bacteria stain _____________, because their peptidoglycan is covered
by a phospholipid bilayer. -Correct Answer ✔-pink
Cells reads DNA and makes RNA -Correct Answer ✔-transcription
Ribosome reads RNA and makes proteins -Correct Answer ✔-translation
The transcription enzymes in _____________ are more complex and closer to the
enzymes in ___________ than _____________ -Correct Answer ✔-archaea, eukaryota,
bacteria
Structures unique to Eukaryotes are -Correct Answer ✔-internal membranes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Plants are the only eukaryotes to have a central _____________ -Correct Answer ✔-
vacuole
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine -Correct Answer ✔-DNA bases
The primary structure of DNA is defined by the -Correct Answer ✔-nitrogenous bases
The secondary structure of DNA is defined by the number of -Correct Answer ✔-purines
and pyrimidines
DNA molecule structure is composed of -Correct Answer ✔-two strands in opposite
directions called antiparallel
RNA is only a single strand of -Correct Answer ✔-genetic material
The 5' end of a nucleotide connects to a -Correct Answer ✔-phosphate group
The 3' end of a nucleotide connects to a -Correct Answer ✔-hydroxyl group
Strands Separate
New strand is copied using original as template
Each new DNA molecule is one old/one new -Correct Answer ✔-semi conservative
mechanism
New double helix created by copying old one
entirely new DNA in the new molecule -Correct Answer ✔-conservative mechanism
BIO 148
