ECED 3310- FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

ECED 3310- FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Describes the term observation? - Answers The process of respect because it assumes that each infant and toddler approach the world with his or her own questions and is able to come up with strategies to answer those questions. What does this chapter emphasize as the most important reason to observe? - Answers - Find common interest of the child (interesting topics) - Learn areas of improvement and support - Understanding the child as a whole What are two major skills of documentation described in this chapter? - Answers - Finding a way to record observations during the activity of infants and toddlers in group care. - Learning to reflect on the information in ways that can inform planning for the child and the group. Planning begins with respecting children and includes - Answers Written observations or other documents What is the most important idea related to individual and group planning? - Answers Plan based on each individual child's interests and concepts he/she is exploring What assessment is used to determine if a child should be referred for a full evaluation to determine delays and disabilities? - Answers Evaluation What type of assessment is used if a care teacher is looking for each individual's way of accomplishing his/her own goals (such as putting objects into containers)? - Answers Norm-referenced assessment The Ounce Scale is used......... - Answers Compares family records with developmental child records and considered an observational and functional assessment The High/Scope Observation Record (COR) is an........... - Answers Uses authentic assessment and COR looks for students' strengths and informs educators of child's needs of improvement. The Creative Curriculum is designed to................. - Answers help teachers observe children intentionally and use this information to respond to each child's interest, strengths, and needs, and communicate with families. The HELP (Hawaii Early Learning Profile) is a................ - Answers curriculum-based assessment that covers 685 skills in six domains. Mazie, a toddler teacher, used the Creative Curriculum as an ongoing assessment with her group. After analyzing several language observations, she noticed that Arnie was not talking as well as the other children in her group. What should she do next? - Answers Ask the family if Mazie can give Arnie a screening test. Assessment is: - Answers Is the ongoing process used to identify the child's strengths, interest, and developmental needs. Infant/Toddler Early Learning Guidelines are: - Answers Describe what child should know and do A toddler wants the toy truck that is in the hand of another toddler. He tries to grab it and the other toddler hits him with it. The first toddler falls to the floor with an impressive tantrum. On both of their parts, this is an example of problems with: - Answers Self-regulation Temperament types are known as - Answers Flexible, Feisty, and Fearful Stranger anxiety is best explained by - Answers the fearfulness mobile infants or toddlers may show toward unfamiliar adults. According to John Bowlby, attachment is best described as: - Answers The sense of safety a child feels with an adult through established relationship A young infant may best be supported in her need for security when the teacher: - Answers Calms the infant when she is distressed A mobile infant may best be comforted while exploring by: - Answers Reassuring smiles and words A toddler may be supported in his developing sense of identity if the teacher: - Answers Follows the child's interests in planning materials and activities A baby is best supported in attachment and emotional development by: - Answers Primary caregiving and continuity of care Define prosocial attitudes and skills - Answers The ability and desire to comfort, help, defend, and become friends with peers begin in infancy Describes children's ability to manage conflict? - Answers Are capable of learning strategies for managing aggressive and angry feelings Maya's 18 month olds were sometimes aggressive with each other. Based on Maya's knowledge of child development, what did she know that would influence her teaching? - Answers Toddlers can learn strategies to manage aggression Miriam notices that the young infants in her group were interested in each other and she wanted to document this interest. Relative to the age of the children in her group, what questions seems most appropriate for Miriam to ask and document with co-teachers? - Answers How does each child communicate with peers List important strategies for teachers of young infants to use to promote enjoyable peer interactions? - Answers - Support families to ensure a strong, positive relationship between family members and their child. - Ensure that each child has a secure attachment with a care teacher. Goro joyfully followed Radwan through the room and under a gauze curtain. What is Goro doing? - Answers Imitation By what age might you see signs of peer friendship, that is, showing a preference for each other over other peers? - Answers 12-18 months List effective ways to promote prosocial development? - Answers - Notice and name prosocial behaviors - Try not to step in too quickly when children approach each other. Leon followed Kajsa up the short slide and then Kajsa followed Leon across the playground. This is an example of __________________. - Answers Reciprocal games What is the primary reason that care teachers should be physically available to children, for example, sitting on the floor when children play? - Answers Infants need secure attachments with care teachers who model prosocial behavior and develop good social relationships with them by being responsive to their needs, comforting, and providing a secure base for exploration. Autism is called a "spectrum disorder" which means: - Answers Two people with autism can have different symptoms and behaviors Respect, reflect, relate is a process that supports: - Answers thoughtful planning to elaborate on the babies interest One way to communicate and build relationships with parents is: - Answers Reaching out to teen parents can be challenging. One effective tool is: - Answers listening The unborn child's brain is at risk because: - Answers It is sensitive to exposure to toxins in the environment and harmful hormones Going through divorce with an infant in the family, parents may feel: - Answers shame, anger, anxiety, fear, and embarassment In the first three years of life, infants and toddlers learn: - Answers How to be enthusiastic, capable learners A five month old is banging two plastic cups together, sometimes fitting one in to the other, sometimes inadvertently tossing them out of her reach and crying for them until the teacher retrieves it for her. She is using these foundational processes of learning: - Answers Curiosity, gathering information, maintaining attention, memory, solving problems and desire for mastery Making a referral for an evaluation for a possible disability can be difficult. It is a good idea to: - Answers Which of the following most accurately names a process an infant or toddler uses for learning? - Answers following their curiosity Curriculum planning begins with: - Answers observing what the babies are interested in and then offering that concept in multiple ways Shaken Baby Syndrome is generally caused by a parent or care teacher: - Answers shakes child roughly Which of the following strategies is best to use when mobile infants or toddlers bite others? - Answers teach the child how to communicate using sign language, fascial expression, and words Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria found in the mouth that creates dental caries or decay. It is transmitted to infants through? - Answers breast feeding (Saliva) Relationship realignments occur when which of the following occurs? - Answers there are shifts in how the child views the world An 18 month old boy became fascinated by watching his own flapping hands and ignored the people around him. His care teacher was concerned that these might be signs of: - Answers Autism Care teachers often place small bins of sand or a sand table in which of the following areas of the room? - Answers Sensory Infants signal their readiness for solid food in these ways: - Answers Head control, supported sitting, showing interest, hunger clues Jan, a care teacher, decided to build a childsa emotional vocabulary. Which of the three R's is she using? - Answers Reflecting When are young children likely to become over stimulated in their program? - Answers lights? What are care teachers doing when they think about what a child is communicating through words and behaviors? - Answers Torrelli emphasizes that programs with a variety of interesting toys in the environment minimize which of the following? - Answers Aggression What is one of the most important dimensions of an environment for infants, toddlers, and twos (besides health and safety)? - Answers dim lights Keeping an early childhood care and development space safe and healthy is an important as: - Answers support children learning and development, and helps to prevent challenging behaviors The dimensions of the environment are both obvious and subtle. More subtle dimensions include: - Answers One day, Kobe a 2-year old boy, continitusly grabbed toys from other childrenas handsa "making them cry". What was the first thing that the teacher did? - Answers In most states care teachers are required by law to: - Answers The most important way to prevent the spread of disease is: - Answers handwashing It is recommended that programs for infants and toddlers create a cozy corner in each room. What is the primary purpose of a cozy corner? - Answers a space for a child to self-regulate, and find calmness Babies need to be able to predict routines, for their own sense of security. One way to do that is by: - Answers play music Sudden infant Death syndrome (SIDS) has been substantially reduced through an initiative called: - Answers "Safe to Sleep" A Mobile infant may best be comforted while exploring by: - Answers reassuring similes and words What assessment is used to determine if a child should be referred for a full evaluation to determine delays and disabilities? - Answers Norm-references assessment A toddler may be supported in his developing sense of identity if the teacher: - Answers follows the child interests in planning materials and activities Mayaas 18 month olds were sometime aggressive with each other. Based on Mayaa is knowledge of child development, what did she know that would influence her teaching? - Answers Toddlers can learn strategies to mange aggression What is the primary reason that care teachers should be physically available to children, for example, sitting on the floor when children play? - Answers infants need secure attachments with care teachers who model prosocial behaviors and develop good social relationships with them by being A teacher is always trying to: - Answers What type of assessment is used if a care teacher is looking for each individual way of accomplishing his/her own goals (such as putting objects into containers)? - Answers norm-referenced assessment Care teachers may offer opportunities for social play by: - Answers which of the following information on planning is false? - Answers By what age might your see signs of peer friendships, that is showing a preference for each other over other peers? - Answers 12-18 months or 2 yrs Leon followed Kajsa up the short slide and then Kajsa followed Leon across the playground. This is an example of which of the following? - Answers Reciprocal games Which of the following is the least effective way to promote prosocial development? - Answers Miriam uses her ability to read the infants distress cues to help her make decisions. These cues might include the infants: - Answers sucking their own fingers Planning begins with respecting children and include which of the following? - Answers Which of the following is NOT likely to to guide a teachera decisions? - Answers Self-help skills - Answers use fine motor skills to learn to undress themselves, dress themselves, wash their faces, drink from cups, use eating utensils, and use toothbrushes to brush their teeth. Manipulation skills - Answers explore objects by using the small muscles in their hands, fingers and wrists Bilateral skills - Answers using two things at once Visual-motor skills - Answers eye and hand coordination Spatial skills - Answers What might a teacher do to be responsive to an 8-month-old who loves to drop food off the side of her high-chair tray? - Answers Provide interesting materials during play that make sounds when dropped Give examples of items likely to support children's manipulative skills? - Answers - exploration of objects with their hands, fingers, and wrist - a small climber Which theorist emphasized that children do not need formal lessons to learn; rather they need toys, materials, and time to play? - Answers Jean Piaget How would you encourage learning about and interest in spatial relationships? - Answers provide opportunities for discoveries about spatial relationships, such as tunnels for crawling through or cups to stack, fit a ball in a hole Bringing both hands together in front of the infant's eyes is an example of:_________? - Answers Bilateral skills How would you relate to a mobile infant who loves to walk, pick up toys, take them across the room, and then drop them? - Answers - understanding their developmental stage, encouraging exploration, joining in their play, offering positive reinforcement, setting limits when necessary, and promoting various aspects of their development. What did Hanline, Milton, & Phelps emphasize as important for development of more complex scribbles and drawings at the easel? - Answers Preschool children engaged drawings over three years, concluded that the amount of time that children engaged in easel painting influenced the complexity of the art product Which theorist said, "Creativity is an aspect of how children think through assimilation and accommodation"? - Answers Jean Piaget What is dramatic play and how would you provide experiences. - Answers Dramatic play is a child playing a role to provide experience you can have a center with pretend kitchen with small size appliance so they can role play. How does a care teacher relate to a toddler who doesn't like to paint? His parents don't want him to get "dirty" and he seems to not want to get paint on his hands or clothing. - Answers Provide gloves and an apron that the child can wear What is auto-symbolic play? - Answers auto-symbolic play involves children using their own body parts as symbols for other objects in imaginative play scenarios, showcasing their growing cognitive and creative skills. Asking and answering questions is a good way to reflect on children's interests and development. How would you ask questions learn about children's symbolic/dramatic play interests and development? - Answers Why is lots of paper and lots of crayons more developmentally appropriate for toddlers than making a product—such as an egg-carton caterpillar? - Answers Toddlers are at the experimental stage List ways to bring music into the room . - Answers - Play calm music when babies are sleeping - Sing songs during transitions to develop routines- clean up song List three questions you could ask to reflect on children's or a child's sensory development? - Answers - How does the child respond to different sensory stimuli? - Are there any patterns or preferences in the child's responses? - How do sensory experiences impact the child's behavior and interactions? Describe how you would use the 3R's" to support Lan, a toddler who likes to sit and watch other toddlers play with dress-up clothes, but does not want to do so himself. - Answers - To support Lan, a toddler who enjoys watching others play dress-up but doesn't want to join, it's important to respect his feelings and choices. Reflect on his behavior to understand his perspective and relate to his interests and emotions, creating a safe and supportive What would you find on a developmentally appropriate outdoor play area for infants and toddlers? - Answers It should be designed to provide comfortable spaces for adults and infants to cuddle or for babies to be fed while also having protection from too much wind or sun. What would a care teacher talk about to introduce infants and toddlers to nature? - Answers Weather, seasons, plants, insects, animals, water, and sand What would a care teacher use to help infants and toddlers understand that some things are alive, others are not? - Answers Talk about ways we are alike and different and provide realistic replicas of animals and insects for play What concepts might infants and toddlers be learning about weather and seasons when they are outdoors? - Answers - Watch the leaves or tree limbs dance in the wind. - Watch for rainbows, thunder and lightning. Which example of the adult's language would add vocabulary to the child's nature experiences? - Answers Sunny and warm, windy, rain, snow, fog, cold, and chilly. Which basic safety steps are imperative when children are outside? - Answers - Every child should have sunscreen and be offered drinks of water How can nature learning can be brought indoors? - Answers Watch sunbeams play on the dust in the air Provide examples of mobile infants problem-solving when they are outdoors? - Answers - Turn taking during play activities - Manipulate objects such as pushing a toy care over different surfaces - Fitting puzzles together How can the care teacher continue the outdoor play when the children come inside? - Answers - He can ask the children to bring in sticks, leaves and stones and make a display on the science table. How should a care teacher engage in a planned, individualized outdoor activity? - Answers - Assess the children interests and abilities - Set clear Objects - Select appropriate materials and consider safety measures Define and give examples of Raking, scissors pronate and pincer grasps - Answers - Use their hands and fingers like a rake to pick up objects and hold them in the palm of their hands. - By 7 to 8 months they begin to use their thumbs separately from their fingers and pic up objects with a scissors grasp - By 9 to 12 months of age they use their thumbs and forefingers (Pincer grasp) to pick up tiny objects Biology - Answers Study of genes Which of the following terms is used to describe the ability of children to use conversational rules such as taking conversational turns? - Answers Pragmatics Which theorist(s) emphasize the importance of culture and social interaction in the development of language? - Answers Vygostky Which of the following best characterizes Toddlers and Twos with regard to movement? - Answers Genuinely enjoy their capacity for movement, it also serves their growing interest in friendships, learning, exploring, and their growing sense of capacity in themselves.