CDFS 211 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026

CDFS 211 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 Attachment theory proposes that an infant's smiling behavior has a(n) _________ purpose, which is keeping the infant close to the mother, who in turn keeps the child out of harm. - Answers Ethological Allie is beginning to combine words into understandable phrases and sentences. What concept of understanding is she acquiring? - Answers Syntax According to Mahler, a toddler with a coherent sense of self possesses both self- and object constancy - Answers True Research has confirmed maternal behavior can influence infant cortisol levels. Lower cortisol levels have been found when mothers: - Answers Breastfeeding Longer Co-Sleep with their infants Respond to infant distress Devon has shown signs that he's learning to balance that awareness of hi own needs and feelings with the needs and feelings of other people. What does this demonstrate? - Answers Enlightened self-interest A teacher who believes that children develop through modeling, imitation, and observational learning is most aligned with which theory? - Answers Social Learning Theory Which brain structure is responsible for regulating automatic functions )e.g., digestion, breathing, and balance)? - Answers Hindbrain A recent study demonstrated that toddlers were more likely to help an adult in need when they were given ______ for engaging in a prosocial behavior - Answers Verbal Praise No Reward at All Scientists have found that stressful or neglectful behaviors in early childhood can affect that development of the brain. This finding emphasizes the influence of _______ on development - Answers Nurture A child's temperament and __________ can influence his or her tendency toward prosocial behavior - Answers Level of sympathy A child with a pattern of unhealthy social development may raise concerns regarding issues of: - Answers Mental health Mr. Gold, a toddler teacher, is observing a young child's problem-sloving skills. What aspect of a child's development is she assessing? - Answers Cognitive/language Development Which approach should a teacher employ to respect the unique patterns that each child demonstrates? - Answers Observe Milestones A child care center is looking to hire teachers of children "birth to age three." You are interested in applying for this position because the center is demonstrating the implementation of: - Answers Continuity of Care When caregivers place too many limits on behavior or constantly restrict choices, what are children most likely to become? - Answers dependent Which motor pathway expects specific stimuli at birth? - Answers Experience-expextant Which special functions are controlled by the cerebral cortex? - Answers Decision making Production of language Planning When infants and toddlers are engages in learning, internal changes are always observable to another person. - Answers False What type of knowledge is constructed by the child and involves identifying relationship between objects? - Answers Logico-mathematical Which action leads to the elimination of unused neural pathways? - Answers Pruning Research suggests that young children from various cultures develop essentially identical skills and abilities - Answers False Which brain structure is responsible for producing complex thoughts and emotional responses? - Answers Forebrain What are children with involved fathers most likely to display? - Answers Few behavioral problems High levels of self-regulation Few aggressive behaviors Which skills are acquired during Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development? - Answers Understanding quantity Verbal reasoning Nonverbal classification Kate speaks to her infant using a reduced speech rate, exaggerated intonation, and short utterance duration. Which type of speech is Kate employing? - Answers Infant-directed Children struggle with conflicting needs for dependence and independent during which subphase of Mahler's separation-individuation theory? - Answers rapprochement According to ecological systems theory, exosystem influences include: - Answers Parental education Social services availability Health care access A teacher who remains with a group of children during their infant and toddler years is practicing: - Answers Continuity of care Kayla often cries up to 45 minutes before her caregiver will chnage her diaper. According to Erikson, which concept is Kayla likely to have difficulty developing? - Answers Trust What is one way toddlers demonstrate their autonomy? - Answers Defiance Examples of scaffolding include: - Answers Physical assistance Coaching Providing hints Caregivers should not worry about spoiling young children; there is no such things as too much approval and affection. - Answers True Babies reach a developmental milestone when they can sit alone and begin to crawl at _____ months. - Answers Six to eight An infant who begins to cry after hearing infant's cry of pain is demonstrating: - Answers Emotional Contagion According to ecological systems theory, which factors specifically impact the macrosystem? - Answers Early Head Start Program Social System Customs Child Protection Laws It is rare for hearing problems to be detected before _____ months for age. - Answers Seven or eight Caregivers of young children need to understand normative patterns to recognize unique patterns in the individual children they care for. What is another name for these normative patterns of development? - Answers Milestones Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a(n) ________ process. - Answers Socially mediated According to Daniel Stern, which capacity is present at birth? - Answers intersubjectivity Physical development occurs in a predictable order, starting with the ________ and moving along the body to the _______. - Answers Head; Lower extremities When children are faced with information contrary to their current understanding, they experience _____, which provides a motivation for learning. - Answers Disequilibrium What does a toddler's response to structure (e.g., routines) and chnage (e.g., surprises) indicate? - Answers Adaptability Amy can now grasp objects and point at things. Which developmental advancement do her actions signal? - Answers Fine Motor A teacher can get to know each family's cultural beliefs and values by: - Answers Developing a script In a recent research study, toddlers who demonstrated more effortful control had mothers who scored high on which measure? - Answers Extraversion According to Bowlby, attachment occurs when the baby grasps, cries, ad smiles to keep the caregiver engaged. This is known as the ______ phase. - Answers Preattachment Appropriate caregiver behavior involves generous amount of the three As of child care, which include: - Answers Attunement Attention Approva; Brain development and motor coordination are characteristics of which developmental domain? - Answers Physical Babies are most likely to exhibit separation anxiety during which phase of development? - Answers Clear-Cut Attachment Which term refers to the cumulative sequences and patters that represent progressive, refined changes moving a child form simple to more complex physical, cognitive, language, social, and emotional growth and maturity? - Answers Development Attachment theory proposes that an infant's smiling behavior has a(n) _____ purpose, which is keeping the infant close to the mother, who is turn keeps the child out of harm's way. - Answers Ethological Which term refers to the cumulative sequences and patterns that represent progressive, refined changes moving a child from simple to more complex physical, cognitive, language, social, and emotional growth and maturity? - Answers Development Rick wants to demonstrate attention to each child in his classroom. What is the best way for him to accomplish this? - Answers Smile and greet each child as they enter the classroom Children struggles with conflicting needs for dependence and independence during which subphase of MAhle's separation-individuation theory? - Answers Rapprochement Which developmental theory places the greatest value on social interactions between children and their elders? - Answers Sociocultural Theory A recent study demonstrated that toddlers were more likely to help an adult in need when they were given _____ for engaging in a prosocial behavior - Answers Verbal praise No reward at all Devon has shown signs that he's learning to balance the awareness for his own needs and feelings with the needs and feelings with the needs and feeling of other people. What does this demonstrate? - Answers Enlightened self-interest Research had demonstrated that a caregiver's ________ can have an impact on his or her level of attunement. - Answers Perceptions After observing two-year-old Charlie stacking blocks, his caregiver sits down with him and beings teaching how to count using the blocks. Charlie who has just woken up form a nap, would rather stack than count them, but the caregivers persists in changing the activity. What is his caregiver failing ti demonstrate? - Answers Attunement Which approach should a teacher employ to respect the unique patterns that each child demonstrates? - Answers Encourage risk taking Choose the three patterns of insecure attachment. - Answers Resistant Disoriented Avoidant By 24 months of age, a child's brain has _____ its weight. - Answers Tripled According to Mahler, a toddler with a coherent sense of self possesses both self- and object constancy. - Answers True Infants from various cultures around the world exhibit separation anxiety starting around nine months and increasing in intensity until approximately _____ months of age - Answers 15 Research on attachment security of infants with full-time working mothers has found that most infants of employed mothers exhibit _______ attachment. - Answers Secure A child care center is looking to hire teachers of children "birth to age three." You are interested in applying for this position because the center is demonstrating the implementation: - Answers Continuity of care Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a(n) _____ process. - Answers Socially Mediated According to Daniel Stern, which capacity is present at birth? - Answers Intersubjectivity A recent study found that toddlers who entered foster care with a secure attachment were more likely to as _____ attached a year later. - Answers Securely A recent study found that toddlers who enter foster care with a secure attachment were more likely to be rated as ______ attached a year later. - Answers Securely In a recent research study, toddlers who demonstrated more effortful control had mothers who scored high on which measure? - Answers Extraversion Children who develop within the average range can have periods of _____, which follow forward movement in skill development. - Answers Regression What type of knowledge is constructed by the child and involves identifying relationships between objects? - Answers Logico-mathematical Allie is beginning to combine words into understandable phrases and sentences. What concept of understanding is she acquiring? - Answers Syntax An early childhood teacher can influence a child's development, but has virtually no impact on the larger system in a child's life such as their community and culture. - Answers False An infant who begins to cry after hearing another infant's cry of pain is demonstrating: - Answers Emotional contagion It is rare for hearing problems to be detected before ____ months of age - Answers Seven or eight Appropriate caregivers behavior involves generous amounts of the three As of child care, which include: - Answers Attunement Attention Approval Prosocial behavior in toddlers has been shown to incerease when parents: - Answers Ask them to label and explain emotions. Physical development occurs in a predictable order starting with the ______ and moving along the body to the ______. - Answers Head; Lower Extremities Which action leads to the elimination of unused neural pathways? - Answers Pruning What is the main difference between development and learning? - Answers Learning requires action by a learner Higher levels of effort control in children have been associated with fewer _____ behaviors and higher levels of ______. - Answers Externalizing; Social Competence When infants and toddlers are engaged in learning, internal changes are always observed to another person. - Answers False A diagnosis of a visual impairment can often by made earlier than a hearing impairment. - Answers True Research suggest that young children from various cultures develop essentially identical skills and abilities. - Answers Flase Amy can now grasp objects and point at things. Which developmental advancements do her actions signal? - Answers Fine Motor Kayla often cries up to 45 minutes before her caregiver will chnage her diaper. According to Erikson, which concept is kayla likely to have difficulty developing? - Answers Trust What is one way toddlers demonstrate their autonomy? - Answers Defiance Raina, a child care provider, showers the children with compliments, no matter what their behavior. Which concept has Raina misunderstood? - Answers Approval A teacher who believes that children develop through modeling, imitation, and observational learning is most aligned with which theory? - Answers Social Learning Theory At what age do children typically being engaging in cooperative play? - Answers 4-36 months Infants have been observed to turn their heads in the direction an adult is looking at around three months of age. - Answers True Kristopher shows no distress when his mother leaves him with a stranger, and he does not seek comfort from her when she returns. What type of attachment is Kristopher demonstrating? - Answers Avoidant Infants who demonstrate more ____ have been found to have higher cognitive skills. - Answers Independence What special functions are controlled by the cerebral cortex? - Answers Decision making Production of language Planning When children are faced with information contrary to their current understanding, they experience _____, which provides a motivation for learning. - Answers disequilibrium Children are highly involved in influencing their environment and aiding in their own development. - Answers True Kate speaks to her infant using a reduced speech rate, exaggerated intonation, and short utterance duration. Which type of speech is Kate employing? - Answers infant-directed Infants with secure attachments tend to have caregivers who: - Answers Respond consistently to infants' needs Interpret infants' emotional signals sensitively Express affection regularly Classifying the zone of proximal development help teachers determine: - Answers What to emphasize In ecological systems theory, which term is used to describe human relationships? - Answers Reciprocal Which childhood activity is most effective at developing working memory? - Answers Prentend Play Scientists have found that stressful or neglectful behaviors in early childhood can affect the development of the brain. This finding emphasizes the influence of _____ on development. - Answers Nurture Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about age two and involves which substages? - Answers Differentiation Experimentation Coordination Babies are most likely to exhibit separation anxiety during which phase of development? - Answers clear-cut attachment Separation anxiety is found only in infants with insecure attachments. - Answers False Dana, a caregiver at a child care center, sits near Sandy and watches her play with a set of blocks. Dana is applying which of the three As? - Answers Attention Babies reach a developmental milestone when they can sit alone and begin to crawl at _____ months. - Answers Six to Eight The zone of proximal development can be identified through: - Answers Adaptation Caregivers of young children need to understand normative patterns to recognize unique patterns in the individual children they care for. What is another name for these normative patterns of development? - Answers Milestones Carrie, an eight-month-old, wants more space to move and cries to get out of her crib. Her father moves her to the floor and plays with her. What aspect of an ecological system does this illustrate? - Answers Bidirectional Influences Examples of scaffolding include: - Answers Physical Assistance Coaching Providing Hints Sarah clings to her mother when she tries to leave the room and is difficult to soothe when she returns. Sarah is demonstrating which type of attachment? - Answers Resistant Which scenario best illustrates Bronfenbrenner's term bidirectional? - Answers Two toddlers at a child care center teach other the word for "green" in their native language. A teacher can get to know each family's cultural beliefs and values by: - Answers Developing a script Which statement about child development is true? - Answers Development follows the same general sequences and patterns for all children. Caregivers should not worry about spoiling young children; there is no such thing as too much approval and affection. - Answers True What is the "interactional dance" of reading and responding to a child's cues called? - Answers Synchrony Brain growth in children less than two years of age can be attributed to growth in the amount of _____ in their brains. - Answers Myelin The common outcomes of shaken baby syndrome include: - Answers Seizures Blindness Spasticity According to Bowlby, attachment occurs when the baby grasps, cries, and smiles to keep the caregiver engaged. This is known as the _____ phase. - Answers Preattachment Ashley believes all babies need to eat at noon, so they will be ready for their naps at two o'clock. When little Joshua does not want to eat at noon, Ashley persists in trying to feed him; this demonstrates a lack of: - Answers Attunement Latisha's parents read books on child development after their infant goes to sleep for the night. They are particularly interested in one theorist, who focuses on the stages of development involving trust, autonomy, identity, and intimacy. Who is this theorist? - Answers Erikson A child with a pattern of unhealthy social development may raise concerns regarding issues of: - Answers Mental Health What does a toddler's response to structure (e.g., routines) and change (e.g., surprises) indicate? - Answers Adaptability The definition of respect includes: - Answers Consideration Differential Regard Appreciation A child's temperament and _____ can influence his or her tendency toward prosocial behavior. - Answers Level of Sympathy Chelsea is uninterested when her mother leaves her in a room with a stranger and actually moves toward the stranger upon her return. Chelsea is demonstrating _____ attachment. - Answers Avoidant An infant who is insecurely attached to his or her mother is only capable of insecure relationships with other caregivers. - Answers False According to ecological systems theory, which action has the most influence on the quality of a relationship? - Answers Supportive Interactions Which brain structure is responsible for regulating automatic functions (e.g., digestion, breathing, and balance)? - Answers Hindbrain Research has confirmed maternal behavior can influence infant cortisol levels. Lower cortisol levels have been found when mothers: - Answers Breastfeed Linger Co-Sleep with their infants Respond to infant distress Optimal development in early childhood addresses which critical areas of development? - Answers Social Emotional Physical Brain development and motor coordination are characteristics of which developmental domain? - Answers Physical Dmitri is playing "This Little Piggy" with Zoe, an infant at his child care center. During the play, Zoe sometimes turns her head away and Dmitri waits for her to turn back around before continuing. What is Dmitri demonstrating? - Answers Attention According to ecological systems theory, which factors specifically impact the macrosystem? - Answers Early Head Start Social System Customs Child Protection Laws When caregivers place too many limits on behavior or constantly restrict choices, what are children most likely to become? - Answers Dependent Research has demonstrated a link between social withdrawal during adolescence and _____ inhibition during infancy or toddlerhood. - Answers High Behavioral Claudia, an infant teacher, thinks it's important to demonstrate that she approves of each child in her classroom. How can she best accomplish this? - Answers Allow the children to choose their own activity at the start of each day. According to ecological systems theory, exosystem influences include: - Answers Parental education Social Services Availability Health Care Access A teacher who is observing a young child's interactions with other teachers most likely to be assessing: - Answers Social Development What are children with involved fathers most likely to display? - Answers Few behavioral problems High levels of self-regulation Few aggressive behaviors Which brain structure is responsible for producing complex thoughts and emotional responses? - Answers Forebrain Paul's caregiver Jimmy tells him that he is a "bad boy" for hitting Seth. What is Jimmy failing to demonstrate? - Answers Approval Craig believes all children need to be physically active for at least thirty minutes a day. Because of this, he times his group of two-year-olds as they walk, run, or ride a tricycle around the yard in a circle, to make certain they stay active the entire thirty minutes. What is Craig failing to demonstrate? - Answers Attunement Temperament cannot be influenced by environmental factors during the first three years of life. - Answers Flase Developmentally appropriate strategies for guiding and supporting the development of self-regulation in children include: - Answers Establishing consequences Setting Limits Redirecting actions Research confirms that a _____ is an effective instructional approach that fosters a child-centered achievement environment, provides freedom of choice, and supports positive attitudes and self-perception toward movement, social interaction, and problem-solving skills. - Answers Mastery Climate