BIOL 203
BIOL 203 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Nutrition:
The process of getting food to use for supporting all processes required for bodily
function
Plant Nutrition
- anchored by roots in the ground
- they absorb nutrients from soil that spread to the leaves
- In a combination of photosynthesis plants can be self sustaible and grow up to
30m high.
- The bulk of there nutrition is found in there leaves and sprout buds
Human Nutrition
- How nutrients and other substances effect the body and how the body handles
them
-A young science
- Has a sister discipline nutritional genomics which is the science of nutrients
effect gene expression.
What is food?
more than just a collection of vitamins, minerals and macronutrients
a satisfying activity we engage in at least 3x per day
- get an adequate amount of the essential nutrients to promote optimal health
-Absence of an essential nutrient would lead to a deficiency disease like scurvy
and eventual death
-It also matters the proportion of essential nutrients consumed
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
-Too much can lead to chronic diseases like cardio disease, type 2 diaebetes or
sudden death from overdosing on supplements
What are energy yielding nutrients:
carbs, lipids, proteins
Non-energy yield nutrients
vitamins, minerals, water
What is fiber:
- Promotes bowel health which gets rid of food waste quickly and helps to reduce
colon cancer and other diseases
- Found in whole grains only.
What are Phytochemical's
functions as an antioxidants to help reduce the risks of chronic diet-related
diseases and protect against bacteria and viruses.
ex: berries, broccoli, carrots...
What are challenges regarding food?
- bad choices
- poptarts and shakes arent really food
- lack of finding a dichotomy between real and processed.
What is food/eating?
- a satisfying activity we do up to 3 times a day
- a combo of essential nutrients
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
- Absence of an essential nutrient would lead to a deficiency disease and
eventually death
-Too much can lead to chronic diseases like diabetes or sudden death as in
overdosing
What are nutrients?
A substance found in food that provide energy, maintenance for body structure,
regulates body and chemical processes, and is required for bodily function.
What are the six classes of nutrients, and what is the most essential?
Carbs, lipids, Protein, Water, minerals, vitamins
(water)
What is an essential nutrient?
- Must be provided by diet
- Not produced in the body
- required fo normal body function
nonessential nutrients?
- produced by the body
Conditionally essential
becomes essential under certain circumstances.
Organic compounds
contain carbon and hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen
BIOL 203
, BIOL 203
inorganic compounds
don't contain carbon
Certified organic
meet Canadian regulation that specify that fertilizers, pesticides, , drugs are not
used.
Macronutrients
- required in large amounts
- cabrs, lipids (fats), protein, and water
Micronutrients
required in small amounts
-vitamins and minerals,
Non-nutrients
substances contained in food that aren't essential but have health benefits
Zoochemicals
health-promoting compounds found in animal foods
Functional Foods and what do they contain?
- provides optimal health benefits beyond meeting basic nutritional requirements.
- They often contain high amounts of traditional (basic) nutrients, may have zoo-
nutrients or Phytonutrients
Dietary Supplements
Products that contain vitamins, minerals, and/or phytochemicals
BIOL 203
BIOL 203 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Nutrition:
The process of getting food to use for supporting all processes required for bodily
function
Plant Nutrition
- anchored by roots in the ground
- they absorb nutrients from soil that spread to the leaves
- In a combination of photosynthesis plants can be self sustaible and grow up to
30m high.
- The bulk of there nutrition is found in there leaves and sprout buds
Human Nutrition
- How nutrients and other substances effect the body and how the body handles
them
-A young science
- Has a sister discipline nutritional genomics which is the science of nutrients
effect gene expression.
What is food?
more than just a collection of vitamins, minerals and macronutrients
a satisfying activity we engage in at least 3x per day
- get an adequate amount of the essential nutrients to promote optimal health
-Absence of an essential nutrient would lead to a deficiency disease like scurvy
and eventual death
-It also matters the proportion of essential nutrients consumed
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
-Too much can lead to chronic diseases like cardio disease, type 2 diaebetes or
sudden death from overdosing on supplements
What are energy yielding nutrients:
carbs, lipids, proteins
Non-energy yield nutrients
vitamins, minerals, water
What is fiber:
- Promotes bowel health which gets rid of food waste quickly and helps to reduce
colon cancer and other diseases
- Found in whole grains only.
What are Phytochemical's
functions as an antioxidants to help reduce the risks of chronic diet-related
diseases and protect against bacteria and viruses.
ex: berries, broccoli, carrots...
What are challenges regarding food?
- bad choices
- poptarts and shakes arent really food
- lack of finding a dichotomy between real and processed.
What is food/eating?
- a satisfying activity we do up to 3 times a day
- a combo of essential nutrients
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
- Absence of an essential nutrient would lead to a deficiency disease and
eventually death
-Too much can lead to chronic diseases like diabetes or sudden death as in
overdosing
What are nutrients?
A substance found in food that provide energy, maintenance for body structure,
regulates body and chemical processes, and is required for bodily function.
What are the six classes of nutrients, and what is the most essential?
Carbs, lipids, Protein, Water, minerals, vitamins
(water)
What is an essential nutrient?
- Must be provided by diet
- Not produced in the body
- required fo normal body function
nonessential nutrients?
- produced by the body
Conditionally essential
becomes essential under certain circumstances.
Organic compounds
contain carbon and hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen
BIOL 203
, BIOL 203
inorganic compounds
don't contain carbon
Certified organic
meet Canadian regulation that specify that fertilizers, pesticides, , drugs are not
used.
Macronutrients
- required in large amounts
- cabrs, lipids (fats), protein, and water
Micronutrients
required in small amounts
-vitamins and minerals,
Non-nutrients
substances contained in food that aren't essential but have health benefits
Zoochemicals
health-promoting compounds found in animal foods
Functional Foods and what do they contain?
- provides optimal health benefits beyond meeting basic nutritional requirements.
- They often contain high amounts of traditional (basic) nutrients, may have zoo-
nutrients or Phytonutrients
Dietary Supplements
Products that contain vitamins, minerals, and/or phytochemicals
BIOL 203
