HCD Mod C Exam Questions And Answers Practice Questions with Solutions Newest | Already Graded A+

HCD Mod C Exam Questions And Answers Practice Questions with Solutions Newest | Already Graded A+ What is cyanosis? - Answer- Bluish discoloration from low O₂ What are early signs of hypoxia? - Answer- Restlessness, anxiety, tachypnea, tachycardia What are late signs of hypoxia? - Answer- Cyanosis, ↓ LOC, bradycardia What is oxygenation? - Answer- Process of delivering O₂ to cells and removing CO₂ What is hypoxia? - Answer- ↓ O₂ at tissue level What is hypoxemia? - Answer- ↓ O₂ in arterial blood What is hypercapnia? - Answer- ↑ CO₂ in blood What are key signs of respiratory distress? - Answer- Tachypnea, retractions, nasal flaring, tripod position, wheezing/stridor, ↓ O₂ sat, altered LOC What is COPD? - Answer- Progressive airflow limitation (chronic bronchitis + emphysema) What are symptoms of COPD? - Answer- Chronic cough, dyspnea, wheezing, thick mucus, barrel chest (late) What is the key diagnostic for COPD? - Answer- Spirometry What are interventions for COPD? - Answer- Bronchodilators (albuterol), corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, incentive spirometer, pulmonary rehab What is pleural effusion? - Answer- Fluid buildup in pleural space → lung compression What are the types of pleural effusion? - Answer- Transudate: CHF, cirrhosis; Exudate: infection, cancer What are symptoms of pleural effusion? - Answer- Dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, chest pain What are key diagnostics for pleural effusion? - Answer- Chest X-ray, CT/Ultrasound, thoracentesis What is the cause of cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Autosomal recessive CFTR mutation → thick mucus What are respiratory symptoms of cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Chronic infections, thick sputum, wheezing What are GI symptoms of cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Steatorrhea, malnutrition, failure to thrive What is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Sweat chloride test What are normal ABG values? - Answer- pH: 7.35-7.45, CO₂: 35-45, HCO₃: 22-26 What characterizes respiratory acidosis? - Answer- ↓ pH, ↑ CO₂; Cause: COPD, hypoventilation; Treatment: improve ventilation What characterizes metabolic acidosis? - Answer- ↓ pH, ↓ HCO₃; Causes: DKA, renal failure; Signs: Kussmaul respirations; Treatment: bicarbonate, fluids What characterizes respiratory alkalosis? - Answer- ↑ pH, ↓ CO₂; Cause: hyperventilation; Treatment: slow breathing What characterizes metabolic alkalosis? - Answer- ↑ pH, ↑ HCO₃; Causes: vomiting, diuretics What is the pathophysiology of ALS? - Answer- Degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons