NURS 3514 FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Historical Perspectives of Mental Health Care & Mental Illness.
Answer: Evil spirits, demonic possessions, brain disturbances
Individuals were killed, left to die, trephined
People with mental illness were banished outside the "city walls"
Belief that people were affected by the moon
Churches sometimes looked after those with mental illness
●● Early Forms of Institutional Care.
Answer: 1400s - Bethlehem (Bedlam) - the oldest hospital for treating
the mentally ill
●● The Revolutionary Idea: Humane Treatment.
Answer: Late 1700s → belief was that the insane were ill and needed
treatment + should be under the care of physicians
,Pinel in France → efforts to stop abuses - "moral treatment" for the
mentally ill
Social Reformers → Dorthea Dix (1802-1887)
The 19th and early 20th centuries: an era of asylum building
●● Asylum Era: Institutionalization.
Answer: Custodial care
Overcrowding - numbers grew (no effective treatment)
Patients cut off from society
Treatments (eg: hydrotherapy, insulin shock, lobotomy)
Occurrences of abuse
Confinement - insanity act
●● Significant Influences in the Treatment of Mental Illness.
,Answer: Sigmund Freud & psychoanalysis
Introduction of antipsychotic medications - 1950s
Canadian Mental Health Association (CHHA)
Mental Health Act - to protect patient rights
Universal health care
New demands: research, education
●● Other Significant Theories Influencing Mental Health.
Answer: Psychoanalytical theory, Humanistic therapies, Behavioural
theories, Cognitive theories, Biological theories
●● Nurses Role - Historically Nurses Provided Custodial Care.
Answer: Medical model of care dominated
Until Hildegard Peplau's work - nurses only provided custodial care
(conditions controlled by staff (ie. restraint, behavioural, orderly care)
●● Hildegard Peplau Leader - Psychiatric Nursing.
, Answer: Introduced change in publishing her nursing theory in
Interpersonal Relations for Nursing (1952) - describing the phases of the
therapeutic nurse-client relationship
●● Deinstitutionalization.
Answer: "Deinstitutionalization" - shift to community care - 1970s
The Vision of Community Mental Health Care - availability and equal
access to all levels of mental health prevention, treatment and services
would be available to those experiencing mental health problems
●● Mental Health Issues.
Answer: Stigma of Mental Illness
Stigma: "Negative, discriminatory, and rejecting attitudes and behaviour
toward a characteristic or element exhibited by an individual or group..."
Often the stigma of mental illness has a greater negative impact on an
individual than the illness itself
●● Aspects of Stigma.
Answer: Public or social stigma - stereotyping
Labelling - "schizophrenic"
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Historical Perspectives of Mental Health Care & Mental Illness.
Answer: Evil spirits, demonic possessions, brain disturbances
Individuals were killed, left to die, trephined
People with mental illness were banished outside the "city walls"
Belief that people were affected by the moon
Churches sometimes looked after those with mental illness
●● Early Forms of Institutional Care.
Answer: 1400s - Bethlehem (Bedlam) - the oldest hospital for treating
the mentally ill
●● The Revolutionary Idea: Humane Treatment.
Answer: Late 1700s → belief was that the insane were ill and needed
treatment + should be under the care of physicians
,Pinel in France → efforts to stop abuses - "moral treatment" for the
mentally ill
Social Reformers → Dorthea Dix (1802-1887)
The 19th and early 20th centuries: an era of asylum building
●● Asylum Era: Institutionalization.
Answer: Custodial care
Overcrowding - numbers grew (no effective treatment)
Patients cut off from society
Treatments (eg: hydrotherapy, insulin shock, lobotomy)
Occurrences of abuse
Confinement - insanity act
●● Significant Influences in the Treatment of Mental Illness.
,Answer: Sigmund Freud & psychoanalysis
Introduction of antipsychotic medications - 1950s
Canadian Mental Health Association (CHHA)
Mental Health Act - to protect patient rights
Universal health care
New demands: research, education
●● Other Significant Theories Influencing Mental Health.
Answer: Psychoanalytical theory, Humanistic therapies, Behavioural
theories, Cognitive theories, Biological theories
●● Nurses Role - Historically Nurses Provided Custodial Care.
Answer: Medical model of care dominated
Until Hildegard Peplau's work - nurses only provided custodial care
(conditions controlled by staff (ie. restraint, behavioural, orderly care)
●● Hildegard Peplau Leader - Psychiatric Nursing.
, Answer: Introduced change in publishing her nursing theory in
Interpersonal Relations for Nursing (1952) - describing the phases of the
therapeutic nurse-client relationship
●● Deinstitutionalization.
Answer: "Deinstitutionalization" - shift to community care - 1970s
The Vision of Community Mental Health Care - availability and equal
access to all levels of mental health prevention, treatment and services
would be available to those experiencing mental health problems
●● Mental Health Issues.
Answer: Stigma of Mental Illness
Stigma: "Negative, discriminatory, and rejecting attitudes and behaviour
toward a characteristic or element exhibited by an individual or group..."
Often the stigma of mental illness has a greater negative impact on an
individual than the illness itself
●● Aspects of Stigma.
Answer: Public or social stigma - stereotyping
Labelling - "schizophrenic"
