BIOS252 - Week 5,6,7 Review EXAM 2026 LATEST
RELEASE
EXAM
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**1. The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through the foramina of
the _______________ to synapse with mitral or tufted cells in the
_______________.**
- **Answer:** cribriform plate; olfactory bulb
- **Rationale:** The olfactory nerve (CN I) fibers ascend through the
tiny holes (foramina) of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. They
synapse in the olfactory bulb, where mitral/tufted cells then transmit
the signal to the brain .
**2. Which of the following receptors is responsible for sensing very
light touch and low-frequency vibrations?**
- A) Lamellated corpuscles
- B) Bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)
- **C) Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)**
- D) Tactile discs (Merkel cells)
- **Rationale:** Meissner's corpuscles are rapidly adapting
mechanoreceptors located in the dermal papillae, specifically sensitive
to light touch and flutter (low-frequency vibration) .
,**3. Which submodality of taste is sensitive to the pH of saliva?**
- A) Sweet
- B) Salty
- C) Bitter
- **D) Sour**
- **Rationale:** Sour taste is triggered by hydrogen ions (H+) from
acidic substances (like citric acid). The pH of saliva becomes lower
(more acidic) in the presence of these ions .
**4. A patient reports feeling a sharp, stabbing pain in their left arm
during a heart attack. This phenomenon is best described as:**
- A) Phantom pain
- **B) Referred pain**
- C) Chronic pain
- D) Somatic pain
- **Rationale:** Referred pain occurs when visceral sensory fibers from
the heart converge at the same spinal cord level as somatic sensory
fibers from the left arm. The brain misinterprets the source as the arm .
**5. A myelinated axon with a large diameter carries electrical impulses
the fastest. (True/False)**
- **Answer:** True
,- **Rationale:** Conduction velocity is directly proportional to axon
diameter and the presence of myelin (saltatory conduction). Large,
myelinated fibers (A-alpha) are the fastest .
**6. The finger-like projections extending from a neuron's cell body
that are most frequently the site of stimulation and graded potentials
are called:**
- A) Axons
- **B) Dendrites**
- C) Synaptic terminals
- D) Nodes of Ranvier
- **Rationale:** Dendrites are the receptive regions of a neuron. They
contain ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to
neurotransmitters, generating graded potentials .
**7. Match the papilla to its description:**
1. Vallate (Circumvallate) – D) Large, surrounded by trenches
2. Fungiform – B) Mushroom-shaped
3. Filiform – C) Thread-like, no taste buds
4. Foliate – A) Leaf-shaped
- **Rationale:** Vallate papillae form a 'V' at the back of the tongue;
Filiform provide friction but no taste; Foliate are on the sides .
**8. What is the difference between sensation and perception?**
, - A) Sensation is conscious; perception is unconscious.
- B) Sensation is brain interpreting; perception is receptor stimulation.
- **C) Sensation is stimulation of a sensory receptor, while perception
is the brain's interpretation of that stimulus.**
- D) They are the same.
- **Rationale:** Sensation is the raw data (e.g., light hitting the retina).
Perception is the processing and meaningful interpretation of that data
(e.g., recognizing a face) .
**9. Which is a characteristic of phasic receptors?**
- A) Slowly adapting.
- B) Always active.
- **C) Adapt quickly to a constant stimulus and then "shut down."**
- D) Found only in the retina.
- **Rationale:** Phasic receptors (e.g., lamellated corpuscles,
Meissner's corpuscles) adapt rapidly. They signal *changes* in stimuli
but stop firing if the stimulus is constant (like feeling clothes after
wearing them for a while) .
**10. A patient is unable to smell after a head injury. This condition is
known as:**
- **A) Anosmia**
- B) Ageusia
- C) Dysgeusia
RELEASE
EXAM
-
--
**1. The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through the foramina of
the _______________ to synapse with mitral or tufted cells in the
_______________.**
- **Answer:** cribriform plate; olfactory bulb
- **Rationale:** The olfactory nerve (CN I) fibers ascend through the
tiny holes (foramina) of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. They
synapse in the olfactory bulb, where mitral/tufted cells then transmit
the signal to the brain .
**2. Which of the following receptors is responsible for sensing very
light touch and low-frequency vibrations?**
- A) Lamellated corpuscles
- B) Bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)
- **C) Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)**
- D) Tactile discs (Merkel cells)
- **Rationale:** Meissner's corpuscles are rapidly adapting
mechanoreceptors located in the dermal papillae, specifically sensitive
to light touch and flutter (low-frequency vibration) .
,**3. Which submodality of taste is sensitive to the pH of saliva?**
- A) Sweet
- B) Salty
- C) Bitter
- **D) Sour**
- **Rationale:** Sour taste is triggered by hydrogen ions (H+) from
acidic substances (like citric acid). The pH of saliva becomes lower
(more acidic) in the presence of these ions .
**4. A patient reports feeling a sharp, stabbing pain in their left arm
during a heart attack. This phenomenon is best described as:**
- A) Phantom pain
- **B) Referred pain**
- C) Chronic pain
- D) Somatic pain
- **Rationale:** Referred pain occurs when visceral sensory fibers from
the heart converge at the same spinal cord level as somatic sensory
fibers from the left arm. The brain misinterprets the source as the arm .
**5. A myelinated axon with a large diameter carries electrical impulses
the fastest. (True/False)**
- **Answer:** True
,- **Rationale:** Conduction velocity is directly proportional to axon
diameter and the presence of myelin (saltatory conduction). Large,
myelinated fibers (A-alpha) are the fastest .
**6. The finger-like projections extending from a neuron's cell body
that are most frequently the site of stimulation and graded potentials
are called:**
- A) Axons
- **B) Dendrites**
- C) Synaptic terminals
- D) Nodes of Ranvier
- **Rationale:** Dendrites are the receptive regions of a neuron. They
contain ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to
neurotransmitters, generating graded potentials .
**7. Match the papilla to its description:**
1. Vallate (Circumvallate) – D) Large, surrounded by trenches
2. Fungiform – B) Mushroom-shaped
3. Filiform – C) Thread-like, no taste buds
4. Foliate – A) Leaf-shaped
- **Rationale:** Vallate papillae form a 'V' at the back of the tongue;
Filiform provide friction but no taste; Foliate are on the sides .
**8. What is the difference between sensation and perception?**
, - A) Sensation is conscious; perception is unconscious.
- B) Sensation is brain interpreting; perception is receptor stimulation.
- **C) Sensation is stimulation of a sensory receptor, while perception
is the brain's interpretation of that stimulus.**
- D) They are the same.
- **Rationale:** Sensation is the raw data (e.g., light hitting the retina).
Perception is the processing and meaningful interpretation of that data
(e.g., recognizing a face) .
**9. Which is a characteristic of phasic receptors?**
- A) Slowly adapting.
- B) Always active.
- **C) Adapt quickly to a constant stimulus and then "shut down."**
- D) Found only in the retina.
- **Rationale:** Phasic receptors (e.g., lamellated corpuscles,
Meissner's corpuscles) adapt rapidly. They signal *changes* in stimuli
but stop firing if the stimulus is constant (like feeling clothes after
wearing them for a while) .
**10. A patient is unable to smell after a head injury. This condition is
known as:**
- **A) Anosmia**
- B) Ageusia
- C) Dysgeusia
