Bushong Chapter 2
All things in the universe have ____ and _____. - answer Matter, energy
Describe the theory of relativity. - answer That matter and energy are interchangeable
Who developed the theory of relativity? - answer Albert Einstein
What is the formula for Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - answer Energy
(E) = mass (m) x speed of light in a vacuum (c)^2
Define matter. - answer Anything that occupies space and has mass
- The material substance that composes physical objects
Is mass the same as weight? Why or why not? - answer No, mass is not the same as
weight because weight includes the gravitational pull on the object as well.
List the structures of matter from smallest to largest. - answer1) Atom, 2) Element, 3)
Molecules, 4) Chemical compounds
What is an atom? - answer An atom is the building blocks of matter. It is the smallest
particle of any matter that has the properties of an element.
What is an element? - answerAn element is any quantity of identical atoms that
combine to form a particular element
What is a molecule? - answerA molecule is atoms of various elements that may
combine to form structures.
What is a chemical compound? - answerA chemical compound is any quantity of one
type of molecule.
Chemical compounds are created via what type of bonds? - answerCovalent and ionic
bonds
Define covalent bonding. - answerWhen two or more atoms share an outer shell
electron
Define ionic bonding. - answerWhen two or more atoms are bound together because
one atom gave up an outer shell electron.
What does ionic bonding cause? And how? - answerIonization, due to the imbalance
between positive and negative charges.
, Who has the earliest recorded reference to the atom? - answerThe Greeks.
According to the Greeks matter was composed of what four substances? - answer1)
Earth, 2) Air, 3) Water, 4) Fire
The Greeks believed that matter was a combination of the four substances and what
four basic essences? - answer1) Wet, 2) Dry, 3) Hot, 4) Cold
Who developed the 1808 version of the atom? - answerJohn Dalton
Describe the Dalton atom. - answerDalton suggested elements were made up of
identical atoms and were arranged via hooks and eyes. Each element had atoms with
various numbers and sizes of hooks and eyes and were very different from one another
Who was the first to suggest that elements could be classified according to atomic mass
values? - answerJohn Dalton
Who developed the periodic table and in what year? - answerDmitri Mendeleev in 1858
What do the periods (rows) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? -
answerThey stand for how many electron shells the atoms have and there are seven of
them.
What do the groups (columns) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? -
answerThey stand for how many electrons are in the outer shell and there are eight of
them.
In what year did J.J. Thomson develop his atomic model? - answerThe specific year is
not know but it is within the 1890's.
What was new about the Thomson atom? - answerHis atom was the first to mention
anything about electric charges, both of the negative electrons and the positive charges.
Describe J.J. Thomson's atomic model. - answerThis model was also called the plum
pudding model because Thomson believed that the electrons were like the plums in the
pudding, spread out through a mass of positive electrification.
Thomson believed ___ and ___ were equal. - answerThe number of electrons and the
quantity of positive electrical charge.
In what year what the Thomson atom disproved and by whom? - answer1911 by Ernest
Rutherford.
All things in the universe have ____ and _____. - answer Matter, energy
Describe the theory of relativity. - answer That matter and energy are interchangeable
Who developed the theory of relativity? - answer Albert Einstein
What is the formula for Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation? - answer Energy
(E) = mass (m) x speed of light in a vacuum (c)^2
Define matter. - answer Anything that occupies space and has mass
- The material substance that composes physical objects
Is mass the same as weight? Why or why not? - answer No, mass is not the same as
weight because weight includes the gravitational pull on the object as well.
List the structures of matter from smallest to largest. - answer1) Atom, 2) Element, 3)
Molecules, 4) Chemical compounds
What is an atom? - answer An atom is the building blocks of matter. It is the smallest
particle of any matter that has the properties of an element.
What is an element? - answerAn element is any quantity of identical atoms that
combine to form a particular element
What is a molecule? - answerA molecule is atoms of various elements that may
combine to form structures.
What is a chemical compound? - answerA chemical compound is any quantity of one
type of molecule.
Chemical compounds are created via what type of bonds? - answerCovalent and ionic
bonds
Define covalent bonding. - answerWhen two or more atoms share an outer shell
electron
Define ionic bonding. - answerWhen two or more atoms are bound together because
one atom gave up an outer shell electron.
What does ionic bonding cause? And how? - answerIonization, due to the imbalance
between positive and negative charges.
, Who has the earliest recorded reference to the atom? - answerThe Greeks.
According to the Greeks matter was composed of what four substances? - answer1)
Earth, 2) Air, 3) Water, 4) Fire
The Greeks believed that matter was a combination of the four substances and what
four basic essences? - answer1) Wet, 2) Dry, 3) Hot, 4) Cold
Who developed the 1808 version of the atom? - answerJohn Dalton
Describe the Dalton atom. - answerDalton suggested elements were made up of
identical atoms and were arranged via hooks and eyes. Each element had atoms with
various numbers and sizes of hooks and eyes and were very different from one another
Who was the first to suggest that elements could be classified according to atomic mass
values? - answerJohn Dalton
Who developed the periodic table and in what year? - answerDmitri Mendeleev in 1858
What do the periods (rows) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? -
answerThey stand for how many electron shells the atoms have and there are seven of
them.
What do the groups (columns) stand for in the periodic table? How many are there? -
answerThey stand for how many electrons are in the outer shell and there are eight of
them.
In what year did J.J. Thomson develop his atomic model? - answerThe specific year is
not know but it is within the 1890's.
What was new about the Thomson atom? - answerHis atom was the first to mention
anything about electric charges, both of the negative electrons and the positive charges.
Describe J.J. Thomson's atomic model. - answerThis model was also called the plum
pudding model because Thomson believed that the electrons were like the plums in the
pudding, spread out through a mass of positive electrification.
Thomson believed ___ and ___ were equal. - answerThe number of electrons and the
quantity of positive electrical charge.
In what year what the Thomson atom disproved and by whom? - answer1911 by Ernest
Rutherford.
