JMU HTH 423 EXAM 1 LATEST 2026 QUESTIONS
and CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
Moral Values... - CORRECT ANSWER-Concern things we judge to be morally
good, bad, praiseworthy, or blameworthy-- character or motives
Absolute Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-Applied without exceptions
- no grey area
- It is either right or wrong
Prima Facie Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-Applies in all cases unless an
exception is warrented
- Allows grey area
- Allows exceptions
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER-A person's rational capacity for self-
governance or self-determination - the ability to direct one's own life and choose
for oneself.
,Paternalism - CORRECT ANSWER-The overriding of a person's actions or
decision-making for their own good. (Temporarily restraining in patient mental
health patient to keep them from hurting themselves; giving an experimental
drug to someone without their knowledge or consent; telling a terminal patient
they will get better, when they won't).
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER-Not intentionally or unintentionally
inflict harm on others (do no harm)
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER-Do good to others. Enjoins us to advance the
welfare of others and prevent or remove harm to them.
Utility - CORRECT ANSWER-Producing the most favorable balance of good over
bad for all concerned. In the real world, we cannot always just benefit other or
just avoid harming them. Sometimes doing good also does harm; we cannot help
everyone who needs helped. We should do what yields the best overall outcome -
maximum good and minimum evil, everyone considered.
Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-People getting what is fair or what is their due
Ex. Veterans getting care
, Retributive Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Fair meting out of punishment for
wrongdoing
Distributive Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Fair distribution of society's
advantages and disadvantages (job, income, welfare aid, health care, rights, taxes,
and public service)
Share benefits and burdens across societies.
Procedural Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Due process
Libertarian - CORRECT ANSWER-Theories emphasize personal freedoms and
the right to pursue one's own social and economic well-being in a free market
without interference from others. Limited government, not in the business of
helping the socially or economically disadvantaged. Universal healthcare is out.
People have intrinsic worth, but this does not entitle them to an equal
distribution of economic advantages. Individuals are entitled only to what they
can acquire through their own hard work and ingenuity.
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of morality using the tools and methods
of philosophy.
and CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
Moral Values... - CORRECT ANSWER-Concern things we judge to be morally
good, bad, praiseworthy, or blameworthy-- character or motives
Absolute Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-Applied without exceptions
- no grey area
- It is either right or wrong
Prima Facie Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-Applies in all cases unless an
exception is warrented
- Allows grey area
- Allows exceptions
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER-A person's rational capacity for self-
governance or self-determination - the ability to direct one's own life and choose
for oneself.
,Paternalism - CORRECT ANSWER-The overriding of a person's actions or
decision-making for their own good. (Temporarily restraining in patient mental
health patient to keep them from hurting themselves; giving an experimental
drug to someone without their knowledge or consent; telling a terminal patient
they will get better, when they won't).
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER-Not intentionally or unintentionally
inflict harm on others (do no harm)
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER-Do good to others. Enjoins us to advance the
welfare of others and prevent or remove harm to them.
Utility - CORRECT ANSWER-Producing the most favorable balance of good over
bad for all concerned. In the real world, we cannot always just benefit other or
just avoid harming them. Sometimes doing good also does harm; we cannot help
everyone who needs helped. We should do what yields the best overall outcome -
maximum good and minimum evil, everyone considered.
Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-People getting what is fair or what is their due
Ex. Veterans getting care
, Retributive Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Fair meting out of punishment for
wrongdoing
Distributive Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Fair distribution of society's
advantages and disadvantages (job, income, welfare aid, health care, rights, taxes,
and public service)
Share benefits and burdens across societies.
Procedural Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-Due process
Libertarian - CORRECT ANSWER-Theories emphasize personal freedoms and
the right to pursue one's own social and economic well-being in a free market
without interference from others. Limited government, not in the business of
helping the socially or economically disadvantaged. Universal healthcare is out.
People have intrinsic worth, but this does not entitle them to an equal
distribution of economic advantages. Individuals are entitled only to what they
can acquire through their own hard work and ingenuity.
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of morality using the tools and methods
of philosophy.
