CHAPTER 1. BUSHONG
The first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation (year and term) - - answer Radio
dermatitis (Skin erythema dose), 1900 - 1930
Skin erythema dose Equal to - answer several grays (Gy) or several hundred rads
Tolerance dose - - answer1930 - 1950, Radiation dose to which occupationally exposed
persons could be continuously subjected without apparent harmful acute effects
1934 - _R / day - answer.2
1936 - _ R / day - answer.1
In 1928, the ____ was the accepted unit of exposure, but there was no adequate
definition - answer “Roentgen"
_____ - the basis for the Tolerance Dose - answerThreshold dose,a dose of radiation
below which an individual had a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic
damage.
Genetic effects: - answerBiologic effects (mutations or birth defects) of ionizing radiation
on future generations
Somatic effects - - answerbiologic damage sustained by living organisms (such as
humans) as a consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation Quantities - answerExposure (X), Absorbed dose (D), Equivalent dose (EqD)
and Effective dose (EfD)
Exposure (X) - - answerx-ray and gamma photons traveling in air
Absorbed dose (D) - - answeramount of energy absorbed by irradiated object
Equivalent dose (EqD) - - answeramount absorbed in tissues & type of irradiation
Effective dose (EfD) - - answeramount absorbed in tissues & type of irradiation & type of
tissues exposed
Describe Exposure (X) - - answerup to 3 MeV, the total electrical charge per unit mass
that x-ray & gamma ray photons with energies generate in air only the amount of
ionizing radiation that may strike an object, such as the human body, when in the
vicinity of a radiation source.
, Describe Absorbed dose (D) - - answerthe amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by
an irradiated object. This absorbed energy is responsible for whatever biologic damage
occurs as a result of tissues being exposed to x-radiation. Gray (Gy) is the SI unit and
rad is the traditional unit.
Describe Equivalent dose (EqD) - - answera quantity used for radiation protection
purposes, attempts to take into account the variation in biologic harm that is produced
by different types of radiation. Equivalent dose enables the calculation of the effective
dose. Sievert (Sv) is SI unit and rem is traditional
EqD = - answerabsorbed dose (D) x radiation weighting factor (WR) or absorbed dose
(D) x radiation weighting factor (WR) x tissue weighting factor (WT)
Short-term, early, or acute somatic effects: - answerNausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Fatigue and/or fever
Diffuse redness of the skin and/or loss of hair
Intestinal and/or blood disorders
Shedding of the outer layer of skin
Long-term or late somatic effects: - answerCancer (solid tumor)and leukemia
Embryologic effects (birth defects)
Formation of cataracts
Traditional System - answerroentgen (R)
rad
rem
International System (SI) - answerC/kg
gray (Gy)
seivert (Sv)
3 units of radiation quantity - answerUnit of exposure in air
Unit of absorption in tissues
Unit of equivalent
Unit of exposure in air - answerCoulomb per kilogram (C/kg) (SI unit)
Roentgen (R) (traditional unit)
Unit of absorption in tissues - answer○ Gray (Gy) (SI unit)
○ Radiation absorbed dose (rad) (traditional unit)
Unit of equivalent - answer○ Sievert (Sv ) (SI unit)
○ Radiation equivalent man (rem) (traditional unit)
Types of ionizing radiations and their WR - answerX-rays 1
The first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation (year and term) - - answer Radio
dermatitis (Skin erythema dose), 1900 - 1930
Skin erythema dose Equal to - answer several grays (Gy) or several hundred rads
Tolerance dose - - answer1930 - 1950, Radiation dose to which occupationally exposed
persons could be continuously subjected without apparent harmful acute effects
1934 - _R / day - answer.2
1936 - _ R / day - answer.1
In 1928, the ____ was the accepted unit of exposure, but there was no adequate
definition - answer “Roentgen"
_____ - the basis for the Tolerance Dose - answerThreshold dose,a dose of radiation
below which an individual had a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic
damage.
Genetic effects: - answerBiologic effects (mutations or birth defects) of ionizing radiation
on future generations
Somatic effects - - answerbiologic damage sustained by living organisms (such as
humans) as a consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation Quantities - answerExposure (X), Absorbed dose (D), Equivalent dose (EqD)
and Effective dose (EfD)
Exposure (X) - - answerx-ray and gamma photons traveling in air
Absorbed dose (D) - - answeramount of energy absorbed by irradiated object
Equivalent dose (EqD) - - answeramount absorbed in tissues & type of irradiation
Effective dose (EfD) - - answeramount absorbed in tissues & type of irradiation & type of
tissues exposed
Describe Exposure (X) - - answerup to 3 MeV, the total electrical charge per unit mass
that x-ray & gamma ray photons with energies generate in air only the amount of
ionizing radiation that may strike an object, such as the human body, when in the
vicinity of a radiation source.
, Describe Absorbed dose (D) - - answerthe amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by
an irradiated object. This absorbed energy is responsible for whatever biologic damage
occurs as a result of tissues being exposed to x-radiation. Gray (Gy) is the SI unit and
rad is the traditional unit.
Describe Equivalent dose (EqD) - - answera quantity used for radiation protection
purposes, attempts to take into account the variation in biologic harm that is produced
by different types of radiation. Equivalent dose enables the calculation of the effective
dose. Sievert (Sv) is SI unit and rem is traditional
EqD = - answerabsorbed dose (D) x radiation weighting factor (WR) or absorbed dose
(D) x radiation weighting factor (WR) x tissue weighting factor (WT)
Short-term, early, or acute somatic effects: - answerNausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Fatigue and/or fever
Diffuse redness of the skin and/or loss of hair
Intestinal and/or blood disorders
Shedding of the outer layer of skin
Long-term or late somatic effects: - answerCancer (solid tumor)and leukemia
Embryologic effects (birth defects)
Formation of cataracts
Traditional System - answerroentgen (R)
rad
rem
International System (SI) - answerC/kg
gray (Gy)
seivert (Sv)
3 units of radiation quantity - answerUnit of exposure in air
Unit of absorption in tissues
Unit of equivalent
Unit of exposure in air - answerCoulomb per kilogram (C/kg) (SI unit)
Roentgen (R) (traditional unit)
Unit of absorption in tissues - answer○ Gray (Gy) (SI unit)
○ Radiation absorbed dose (rad) (traditional unit)
Unit of equivalent - answer○ Sievert (Sv ) (SI unit)
○ Radiation equivalent man (rem) (traditional unit)
Types of ionizing radiations and their WR - answerX-rays 1
