WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the
person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food
are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced
vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food
even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which
in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced
during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a
hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—
the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
, charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one
positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to
regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice
which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino
acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and
enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
Lipids
Produce 9 Calories Of Energy Per Gram. Organic Compounds That Do Not Readily
Dissolve In Water; Based On Their Solubility, They Are Classified Into Triglycerides
(More Commonly Known As Fats), Phospholipids, And Sterols
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the
person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food
are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced
vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food
even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which
in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced
during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a
hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—
the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
, charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one
positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to
regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice
which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino
acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and
enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
Lipids
Produce 9 Calories Of Energy Per Gram. Organic Compounds That Do Not Readily
Dissolve In Water; Based On Their Solubility, They Are Classified Into Triglycerides
(More Commonly Known As Fats), Phospholipids, And Sterols
