BIO 148 UK Osterhage Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers
1. Many different types of protein molecules are made within cells. Which of the
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following could be influenced by the actions of those protein molecules?
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a. Both an organism's physical characteristics and the function of the organism's
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cells
b. An organism's physical characteristics but not the function of the organism's
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cells
c. The function of the organism's cells but not the organism's physical
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characteristics
d. Neither an organism's physical characteristics nor the function of the
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organism's cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. Both an organism's physical
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characteristics and the function of the organism's cells | | | | | | |
Proteins have a variety of functions inside cells. The function of some proteins
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can be seen as an observable, physical characteristic.
| | | | | | |
2. What happens to the intron sections of genes?
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a. They are neither transcribed nor translated
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b. They are transcribed and translated
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c. They are transcribed but not translated
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,d. They are not transcribed but they are translated. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-c.
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They are transcribed but not translated
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They are removed from the primary transcript during splicing.
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3. The DNA molecules in eye cells contain which of the following?
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a. Genes that encode eye color and skin color, and switches that control both eye
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color and skin color
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b. Genes that encode eye color and skin color, and switches that control eye color
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only (not skin color)
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c. Genes and switches that encode eye color only (not skin color)
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d. Genes that control eye and skin color, but not switches for either of these
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genes. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. Genes that encode eye color and skin color,
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and switches that control both eye color and skin color
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Switches are DNA sequences. The DNA in every body cell is, for the most part, the
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same.
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4. Which of the following is a part of a DNA molecule?
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a. Promoter
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b. Switch
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c. Gene
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d. All of the above
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e. A and C only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-d. All of the above
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,5. 5' caps and 3' poly(A) tails of eukaryotic mRNAs ______.
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a. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance transcription
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b. mark the beginning and end of introns, respectively
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c. act as sites for the start and stop of translation, respectively
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d. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance translation - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-d. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance translation | | | | | | |
We didn't specifically talk about them enhancing translation (but they do). They
| | | | | | | | | | | |
definitely protect the RNA from degradation. It wouldn't make sense for them to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
enhance transcription because they are put on after transcription occurs.
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6. Different cells in the same organism express different proteins in part because:
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a. their genomes are different
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b. they contain different gene switches
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c. different gene switches are activated
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d. they use different genetic codes
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e. b and c only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-c. different gene switches are activated
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All body cells from an organism have the same DNA. Since switches are part of
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the DNA, all cells have the same switches. All organisms use the same genetic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
code, so d cannot be true.| | | | | |
The activation of switches by activator proteins helps explain why different cells
| | | | | | | | | | | |
from the same organism express different proteins.
| | | | | |
7. Which of the following is TRUE about translation in eukaryotes?
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, a. The first amino acid translated from all mRNAs is the same
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b. Translation begins at the very 5' end of all mRNAs
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c. Translation terminates (stops) after the polyA tail is translated into amino acids
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d. Each nucleotide in an mRNA specifies one amino acid
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e. There are 20 different codons in mRNA, corresponding to the 20 different
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amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. The first amino acid translated from all
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mRNAs is the same | | |
Since AUG is the only start codon, all newly synthesized polypeptides start with a
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Met amino acid. B isn't true because translation starts at the start codon, not the
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very 5' end of the RNA. C isn't true because translation stops at a stop codon. D
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isn't true because it's the combination of three nucleotides that codes for one
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amino acid. D isn't true because there are 64 codons.
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8. Which of the following about gene switches is TRUE?
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a. They are proteins
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b. RNA polymerase binds to them directly
| | | | | |
c. They are located within the promoter
| | | | | |
d. They regulate the number of times an RNA is translated
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e. They can be bound by activator proteins to "turn on" transcription - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-e. They can be bound by activator proteins to "turn on" | | | | | | | | | | |
transcription
9. At what point in the central dogma does addition of the poly(A) tail occur?
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Correct Answers
1. Many different types of protein molecules are made within cells. Which of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
following could be influenced by the actions of those protein molecules?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. Both an organism's physical characteristics and the function of the organism's
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells
b. An organism's physical characteristics but not the function of the organism's
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells
c. The function of the organism's cells but not the organism's physical
| | | | | | | | | | | |
characteristics
d. Neither an organism's physical characteristics nor the function of the
| | | | | | | | | | |
organism's cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. Both an organism's physical
| | | | | | | | |
characteristics and the function of the organism's cells | | | | | | |
Proteins have a variety of functions inside cells. The function of some proteins
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can be seen as an observable, physical characteristic.
| | | | | | |
2. What happens to the intron sections of genes?
| | | | | | | |
a. They are neither transcribed nor translated
| | | | | |
b. They are transcribed and translated
| | | | |
c. They are transcribed but not translated
| | | | | |
,d. They are not transcribed but they are translated. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-c.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
They are transcribed but not translated
| | | | |
They are removed from the primary transcript during splicing.
| | | | | | | |
3. The DNA molecules in eye cells contain which of the following?
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. Genes that encode eye color and skin color, and switches that control both eye
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
color and skin color
| | |
b. Genes that encode eye color and skin color, and switches that control eye color
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
only (not skin color)
| | | |
c. Genes and switches that encode eye color only (not skin color)
| | | | | | | | | | |
d. Genes that control eye and skin color, but not switches for either of these
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
genes. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. Genes that encode eye color and skin color,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and switches that control both eye color and skin color
| | | | | | | | |
Switches are DNA sequences. The DNA in every body cell is, for the most part, the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
same.
|
4. Which of the following is a part of a DNA molecule?
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. Promoter
|
b. Switch
|
c. Gene
|
d. All of the above
| | | |
e. A and C only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-d. All of the above
| | | | | | | | | | |
,5. 5' caps and 3' poly(A) tails of eukaryotic mRNAs ______.
| | | | | | | | | |
a. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance transcription
| | | | | | |
b. mark the beginning and end of introns, respectively
| | | | | | | |
c. act as sites for the start and stop of translation, respectively
| | | | | | | | | | |
d. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance translation - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-d. protect mRNA from degradation and enhance translation | | | | | | |
We didn't specifically talk about them enhancing translation (but they do). They
| | | | | | | | | | | |
definitely protect the RNA from degradation. It wouldn't make sense for them to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
enhance transcription because they are put on after transcription occurs.
| | | | | | | | |
6. Different cells in the same organism express different proteins in part because:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a. their genomes are different
| | | |
b. they contain different gene switches
| | | | |
c. different gene switches are activated
| | | | |
d. they use different genetic codes
| | | | |
e. b and c only - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-c. different gene switches are activated
| | | | | | | | | | | |
All body cells from an organism have the same DNA. Since switches are part of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the DNA, all cells have the same switches. All organisms use the same genetic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
code, so d cannot be true.| | | | | |
The activation of switches by activator proteins helps explain why different cells
| | | | | | | | | | | |
from the same organism express different proteins.
| | | | | |
7. Which of the following is TRUE about translation in eukaryotes?
| | | | | | | | | |
, a. The first amino acid translated from all mRNAs is the same
| | | | | | | | | | |
b. Translation begins at the very 5' end of all mRNAs
| | | | | | | | | |
c. Translation terminates (stops) after the polyA tail is translated into amino acids
| | | | | | | | | | | |
d. Each nucleotide in an mRNA specifies one amino acid
| | | | | | | | |
e. There are 20 different codons in mRNA, corresponding to the 20 different
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. The first amino acid translated from all
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mRNAs is the same | | |
Since AUG is the only start codon, all newly synthesized polypeptides start with a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Met amino acid. B isn't true because translation starts at the start codon, not the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
very 5' end of the RNA. C isn't true because translation stops at a stop codon. D
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
isn't true because it's the combination of three nucleotides that codes for one
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
amino acid. D isn't true because there are 64 codons.
| | | | | | | | |
8. Which of the following about gene switches is TRUE?
| | | | | | | | |
a. They are proteins
| | |
b. RNA polymerase binds to them directly
| | | | | |
c. They are located within the promoter
| | | | | |
d. They regulate the number of times an RNA is translated
| | | | | | | | | |
e. They can be bound by activator proteins to "turn on" transcription - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-e. They can be bound by activator proteins to "turn on" | | | | | | | | | | |
transcription
9. At what point in the central dogma does addition of the poly(A) tail occur?
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
