BIO 148 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
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Evolution causes changes in individuals (No, evolution changes the genetic
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makeup of populations) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Individuals don't evolve/
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change
-Some have more surviving offspring so, the POPULATION changes in favor of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
traits of the surviving offspring
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Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
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Adaptations occur in response to a need of an organism (No, mutations that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
create new alleles are random) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Evolution is not goal-
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directed |
-Mutations are random and don't occur to solve problems
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Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
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Evolution always results in more complex organisms (No, traits are often lost over
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time (ex: tails, legs, teeth)) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Organisms become more
| | | | | | | | | | |
complex as evolution progresses
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-Complex traits are lost if they aren't adaptive
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Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Large
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phenotypic changes require lots of change at the genetic level (No, small changes
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in switches can have large phenotypic effects) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Large
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phenotypic changes do not require large genetic changes
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, -Single nucleotide change can have large effect
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Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Natural
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selection is a random process (No, the mutations that create new alleles are
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
random, but if the new allele helps individuals survive and reproduce, it will
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
become more prevalent in the population (non-random!) - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--Natural selection is not a random process | | | | | |
-Individuals with certain characteristics have higher fitness
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Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Natural
| | | | | | | | | |
selection results in perfect organisms. (No, there are multiple constraints on
| | | | | | | | | | |
natural selection: genetic, historical, etc. Many traits are non-adaptive. Many
| | | | | | | | | |
adaptations have fitness costs, such as bipedalism in humans) - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--Evolution doesn't result in perfect organisms | | | | |
-Nonadaptive traits based on evolutionary history
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-Genetic constraints: genes aren't present in genome
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-Historical constraints: traits evolve from existing traits
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Describe how artificial and natural selection can result in evolution. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--Artificial selection is when humans control mating to select for | | | | | | | | | |
desirable traits, which leads to evolution
| | | | |
-Natural selection acts on changes in the DNA, individuals with a higher fitness
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
will survive and their DNA will be passed along to offspring, which also leads to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
evolution
Predict the effect of the presence of antibiotics on the genetic variation of a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
bacterial population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The genetic variation of a bacterial
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWERS
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
| | | | | | | | |
Evolution causes changes in individuals (No, evolution changes the genetic
| | | | | | | | | |
makeup of populations) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Individuals don't evolve/
| | | | | | | |
change
-Some have more surviving offspring so, the POPULATION changes in favor of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
traits of the surviving offspring
| | | |
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
| | | | | | | | |
Adaptations occur in response to a need of an organism (No, mutations that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
create new alleles are random) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Evolution is not goal-
| | | | | | | | | | |
directed |
-Mutations are random and don't occur to solve problems
| | | | | | | |
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution:
| | | | | | | | |
Evolution always results in more complex organisms (No, traits are often lost over
| | | | | | | | | | | |
time (ex: tails, legs, teeth)) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Organisms become more
| | | | | | | | | | |
complex as evolution progresses
| | |
-Complex traits are lost if they aren't adaptive
| | | | | | |
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Large
| | | | | | | | | |
phenotypic changes require lots of change at the genetic level (No, small changes
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
in switches can have large phenotypic effects) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Large
| | | | | | | | | |
phenotypic changes do not require large genetic changes
| | | | | | |
, -Single nucleotide change can have large effect
| | | | | |
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Natural
| | | | | | | | | |
selection is a random process (No, the mutations that create new alleles are
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
random, but if the new allele helps individuals survive and reproduce, it will
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
become more prevalent in the population (non-random!) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Natural selection is not a random process | | | | | |
-Individuals with certain characteristics have higher fitness
| | | | | |
Explain the faulty logic behind common misconceptions about evolution: Natural
| | | | | | | | | |
selection results in perfect organisms. (No, there are multiple constraints on
| | | | | | | | | | |
natural selection: genetic, historical, etc. Many traits are non-adaptive. Many
| | | | | | | | | |
adaptations have fitness costs, such as bipedalism in humans) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Evolution doesn't result in perfect organisms | | | | |
-Nonadaptive traits based on evolutionary history
| | | | |
-Genetic constraints: genes aren't present in genome
| | | | | |
-Historical constraints: traits evolve from existing traits
| | | | | |
Describe how artificial and natural selection can result in evolution. - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Artificial selection is when humans control mating to select for | | | | | | | | | |
desirable traits, which leads to evolution
| | | | |
-Natural selection acts on changes in the DNA, individuals with a higher fitness
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
will survive and their DNA will be passed along to offspring, which also leads to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
evolution
Predict the effect of the presence of antibiotics on the genetic variation of a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
bacterial population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The genetic variation of a bacterial
| | | | | | | | | |
